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Hysteresis and fast timescales in transport relations of toroidal plasmas
Itoh, K.,Itoh, S.-I.,Ida, K.,Inagaki, S.,Kamada, Y.,Kamiya, K.,Dong, J.Q.,Hidalgo, C.,Evans, T.,Ko, W.H.,Park, H.,Tokuzawa, T.,Kubo, S.,Kobayashi, T.,Kosuga, Y.,Sasaki, M.,Yun, G.S.,Song, S.D.,Kasuya, International Atomic Energy Agency 2017 Nuclear fusion Vol.57 No.10
<P>This article assesses current understanding of hysteresis in transport relations, and its impact on the field. The rapid changes of fluxes compared to slow changes of plasma parameters are overviewed for both core and edge plasmas. The modulation ECH experiment is explained, in which the heating power cycles on-and-off periodically, revealing hysteresis and fast changes in the gradient–flux relation. The key finding is that hystereses were observed simultaneously in both the the gradient–flux and gradient–fluctuation relations. Hysteresis with rapid timescale exists in the channels of energy, electron and impurity densities, and plausibly in momentum. Advanced methods of data analysis are explained. Transport hysteresis can be studied by observing the higher harmonics of temperature perturbation <img ALIGN='MIDDLE' ALT='$\delta T_{\rm m}$ ' SRC='http://ej.iop.org/images/0029-5515/57/10/102021/nfaa796aieqn001.gif'/> in heating modulation experiments. The hysteresis introduces the term <img ALIGN='MIDDLE' ALT='$\delta T_{\rm m}$ ' SRC='http://ej.iop.org/images/0029-5515/57/10/102021/nfaa796aieqn002.gif'/>, which depends on the harmonic number <I>m</I> in an algebraic manner (not exponential decay). Next, the causes of hysteresis and its fast timescale are discussed. The nonlocal-in-space coupling works here, but does not suffice. One mechanism for ‘the heating heats turbulence’ is that the external source <I>S</I> in phase space for heating has its fluctuation in turbulent plasma. This coupling can induce the direct input of heating power into fluctuations. The height of the jump in transport hysteresis is smaller for heavier hydrogen isotopes, and could be one of the origins of isotope effects on confinement. Finally, the impacts of transport hysteresis on the control system are assessed. Control systems must be designed so as to protect the system from sudden plasma loss.</P>
Nanosilicon for single-electron devices
H. Mizuta,Y. Furuta,T. Kamiya,Y. T. Tan,Z.A.K. Durrani,S. Amakawa,K. Nakazato,H. Ahmed 한국물리학회 2004 Current Applied Physics Vol.4 No.2-4
This paper presents a brief overview of the physics of nanosilicon materials for single-electron device applications. We study howa nanosilicon grain and a discrete grain boundary work as a charging island and a tunnel barrier by using a point-contact transistor,which features an extremely short and narrow channel. Single-electron charging phenomena are investigated by comparing as-prepared devices and various oxidized devices. The optimization of grain and grain-boundary structural parameters is discussed forimproving the Coulomb blockade characteristics and realizing room temperature device operation.
Activation-induced Apoptosis of Peripheral Lymphocytes Treated with 7-hydroxystaurosporin, UCN-01
Fukumoto, H.,Tamura, T.,Kamiya, Y.,Usuda, J.,Suzuki, T.,Kanazawa, F.,Kuh, H J.,Ohe, Y.,Saijo, N.,K. Nishio 가톨릭대학교 2000 Bulletin of The Catholic Research Institutes of Me Vol.28 No.-
7-hydroxystaurosporine (UCN-01) is a new anticancer agent which exerts an inhibitory effect on cell cycle check points and is currently under phase I clinical trials in US and Japan. Preliminary clinical data indicated that UCN-01 remained in plasma at high concentrations for long periods of time. this unavoidable high plasma drug exposure is likely to lead to hematological toxicties in patients. In the present study, cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) were used to evaluate the possible hematological toxicities of UCN-01 treatment. UCN-01 treatment. UCN-01 induces apoptosis, and the induction of apoptosis-related surface markers were also examined to investigate the involvement of these molecules in UCN-01-induced apoptosis in PBLs. In vitro viability of PBLs was decreased by high dose of UCN-01 (25 microM, 3-day exposure). This effect of UCN-01 was significantly suppressed by the presence of human serum, suggesting that some specific inhibitory factor(s) in human serum may antagonize the lympholytic effect of UCN-01. The percentage of annexin V-positive PI-negative cells increased with exposure to UCN-01 in a time- and dose-dependent manner; by up to 30.3% after exposure to 25 microM UCN-01 for 3 day. At the same time, the expression of both interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R, CD25) and Fas (CD95), analyzed by flow cytometry, was induced. Con A-stimulated PBLs were more sensitive to UCN-01-induced apoptosis than non-stimulated lymphocytes and UCN-01 increased the sFas-L released into culture medium from con A-stimulated PBLs. Therefore, lymphocyte depletion mediated by activation-induced apoptosis is likely to occur in patients treated with UCN-01 at high doses. (Investigational New Drugs 17(4):335-341, 1999)