Digestive Physiological Characteristics of the Gobiidae

Sang-Woo Hur,Shin-Kwon Kim,Dae-Jung Kim,Bae-Ik Lee,Su-Jin Park,Hyung-Gyu Hwang,Je-Cheon Jun,Jeong-In Myeong,Chi-Hoon Lee,Young-Don Lee 한국발생생물학회 2016 발생과 생식 Vol.20 No.3

In this study, we investigated the characteristics of CCK-producing cells and mucus-secreting goblet cells with respect to stomach fish and stomachless fish of the Gobiidae in order to provide a basis for understanding the digestive physiology. Hairychin goby (Sagamia geneionema), which is stomachless fish, the numbers of mucus-secreting goblet cells is highest in the posterior intestine portion (P<0.05), while CCK-producing cells are scattered throughout the intestine. Gluttonous goby (Chasmichthys gulosus), which is stomach fish, mucus-secreting goblet cells are most abundant in the mid intestine portion (P<0.05), whereas CCK-producing cells are observed only in the anterior and mid intestine portion. Trident goby (Tridentiger obscurus) which is stomach fish, mucus-secreting goblet cells were most abundant in the mid intestine portion (P<0.05). CCK-producing cells are found in the anterior and mid intestine portion. Giurine goby, Rhinogobius giurinus which is also stomach fish, the largest number of mucus-secreting goblet cells showed in anterior intestine portion except for esophagus (P<0.05). CCK-producing cells are present only in the anterior and mid intestine portion. In S. geneionema, digestive action occurs in the posterior intestine portion to protect and functions to activate digestion. In contrast, in C. gulosus, T. obscurus and R. giurinus, their digestive action occurs in the anterior and mid intestine portion to protect and functions to activate digestion. Further studies of the modes of food ingestion by these fish, the contents of their digestive tracts, and the staining characteristics of the goblet cells need to be carried out.

Efficacy and Safety of Enzyme-Modified <i>Panax ginseng</i> for Anti-Wrinkle Therapy in Healthy Skin: A Single-Center, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study

Hwang, Eunson,Park, Sang-Yong,Jo, Hae,Lee, Don-Gil,Kim, Hee-Taek,Kim, Yong Min,Yin, Chang Shik,Yi, Tae Hoo Mary Ann Liebert 2015 Rejuvenation research Vol.18 No.5

Conformal $Al_2$O$_3$ Nanocoating of Semiconductor Nanowires by Atomic Layer Deposition

Hwang, Joo-Won,Min, Byung-Don,Kim, Sang-Sig The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2003 KIEE International Transactions on Electrophysics Vol.3C No.2

Various semiconductor nanowires such as GaN, GaP, InP, Si$_3$N$_4$, SiO$_2$/Si, and SiC were coated conformally with aluminum oxide (Al$_2$O$_3$) layers by atomic layer deposition (ALD) using trimethylaluminum (TMA) and distilled water ($H_2O$) at a temperature of 20$0^{\circ}C$. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that A1203 cylindrical shells conformally coat the semiconductor nanowires. This study suggests that the ALD of $Al_2$O$_3$ on nanowires is a promising method for preparing cylindrical dielectric shells for coaxially gated nanowire field-effect transistors.

The rice RING E3 ligase OsHIR1 participates in positive regulation of arsenic and cadmium uptake

Sung Don Lim,Jin Gyu Hwang,Cheol Seong Jang 한국육종학회 2013 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2013 No.07

The metalloid arsenic (As) and the hevy metal cadmium (Cd) are ubiquitously found at low concentrations in the earth, while high concentrations of the both elements in soil and crop are severe dangerous to human health. We have tried to retrieve RING E3 ligase gene, which is believed to regulate substrate proteins in As or Cd uptake via ubiquitin 26S proteasome pathway, related to inhibit metal ion transport system. A total of 48 rice RING E3 ligases were randomly selected and then conducted semi-quantitative RT-PCR for their expression patterns as exposed to As and Cd treatments. We discovered one gene, Oryza sativa heavy metal induced RING E3 ligase 1 (OsHIR1) that was significantly up-regulated against both treatments. A total of 31 positive interaction clones with OsHIR1 were screened depending on their strong α-galactosidase activity via yeast-two hybrid screen. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis evidenced that the OsHIR1 protein was clearly interacted with each of six partner protein including aquaporin tonoplast intrinsic protein 4;1 (OsTIP4;1) in the plasma membrane. Protein degradation assay showed that OsHIR1 strongly degraded the protein level of OsTIP4;1 via ubiquitin 26S proteasome system. Heterogeneous overexpression of OsHIR1 in Arabidopsis showed As- and Cd-insensitive phenotype. In addition, the transgenic plant showed low levels of As and Cd accumulation than the control plant in leaf and root. Here, we report the novel finding that OsHIR1 E3 ligase positively regulates OsTIP4;1 related to As and Cd uptake.

Effects of Steroid Hormones on GVBD and Oocyte Steroidogenesis in Blacktip Grouper

Hwang In-Joon,Kim Seol-Ki,Choi Sang-Jun,Lee Chi-Hoon,Lee Young-Don,Kim Hyung-Bae,Baek Hea-Ja 한국발생생물학회 2012 발생과 생식 Vol.16 No.1

To verify the sex steroids which are involved in oocyte maturation of the blacktip grouper, , we incubated vitellogenic oocytes (0.41 and 0.50 mm in average diameter) in the presence of exogenous steroid precursor (-hydroxyprogesterone). Steroids were extracted, separated and identified by thin layer chromatography. The major metabolites produced were androstenedione, estradiol-, estrone and progestogens. Progestogen metabolites in the oocytes of 0.50 mm were more abundant than those of 0.41 mm. Also, we investigated the effects of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG; 5, 50 and 500 ), -dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one () and -trihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (; 5, 50 and 500 , respectively) on oocyte maturation. In the oocytes of 0.41 mm, treatment with 50 IU HCG stimulated GVBD () compared with controls (, <0.05). In the oocytes of 0.50 mm, treatment of (50 and 500 ) stimulated GVBD ( and , respectively) compared with controls (, <0.05). Treatment with 500 IU HCG also stimulated GVBD () compared with controls (<0.05). Taken together, these results suggested that both HCG and were effective on in vitro oocyte maturation and may act as a maturation inducing hormone in blacktip grouper.

Interferon-induced protein 56 (<i>IFI56</i>) is induced by VHSV infection but not by bacterial infection in olive flounder (<i>Paralichthys olivaceus</i>)

Hwang, Jee Youn,Ahn, Sang Jung,Kwon, Mun-Gyeong,Seo, Jung Soo,Hwang, Seong Don,Son, Maeng-Hyun Elsevier 2017 FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY Vol.66 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Interferon-inducible protein 56 (<I>IFI56,</I> also known as ISG56/<I>IFIT1</I>, interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1) is strongly induced in response to interferon and a potent inhibitor of viral replication and translational initiation. Here, we describe the identification of <I>IFI56</I> (<I>OfIFI56</I>) in olive flounder, its characteristic features, and expression levels in various tissues before and after viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) infection. The full-length <I>OfIFI56</I> sequence was identified from rapid amplification of cDNA ends PCR. The complete coding sequence of <I>OfIFI56</I> is 1971 bp in length and encodes 431 amino acids. The putative <I>OfIFI56</I> protein has multiple tetratricopeptide (TPR) motifs, which regulate diverse biological processes, such as organelle targeting, protein import, and vesicle fusion. Based on sequence analysis, the <I>Larimichthys crocea</I> IFI56 protein (61%) had the highest sequence homology to <I>OfIFI56.</I> In healthy olive flounder, <I>OfIFI56</I> mRNA expression was detected in many tissues such as intestine, gill, head kidney, heart, spleen, and trunk kidney tissues. After VHSV challenge, <I>OfIFI56</I> mRNA was significantly up-regulated in these tissues. Additionally, <I>OfIFI56</I> expression was induced by poly I:C but not by <I>Streptococcus parauberis</I> and <I>S. iniae</I> infection or lipopolysaccharide injection in kidney and spleen tissues of olive flounder. These results demonstrate that piscine <I>OfIFI56</I> expression is not induced by bacterial infection but is selectively induced by viral infection, especially VHSV, and that <I>OfIFI56</I> may play an important role in the host response against VHSV infection.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The fish IFI56/IFIT1 family including OfIFI56 grouped with IFI56 and not fish IFI58. </LI> <LI> OfIFI56 mRNA was up-regulated in all tissues except muscle after VHS virus challenge. </LI> <LI> OfIFI56 expression was not induced by <I>Streptococcus parauberis</I> and <I>S. iniae</I> infection and LPS injection in olive flounder. </LI> <LI> OfIFI56 mRNA expression markedly increased in all tissues after poly I: C infection. </LI> </UL> </P>

Visible light photocatalytic activity of N-ion implanted TiO2 thin films prepared by oblique incident electron-beam evaporation method.

Hwang, Sung Don,Kim, Soon Wook,Lee, Woo Kyung,Kim, Eui Jung,Hahn, Sung Hong American Scientific Publishers 2013 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.13 No.10

<P>TiO2 thin films were prepared using electron-beam evaporation method with various oblique angles of 0 degrees, 30 degrees, 60 degrees and 75 degrees. All samples were annealed at 600 degrees C for 1 hour in air and their visible light photocatalytic properties were characterized after nitrogen implantation. The photocatalytic activity of the thin films was evaluated by the photodecomposition of methylene blue. The photocatalytic activity of N-ion implanted TiO2 film deposited with the oblique angle of 60 degrees was considerably enhanced due to high visible light absorption and low charge carrier recombination by sufficient N-ion implantation.</P>

Detection of air-gap eccentricity and broken-rotor bar conditions in a squirrel-cage induction motor using the radial flux sensor

Hwang, Don-Ha,Han, Sang-Bo,Woo, Byung-Chul,Sun, Jong-Ho,Kang, Dong-Sik,Kim, Byung-Kuk,Cho, Youn-Hyun American Institute of Physics 2008 JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS - Vol.103 No.7

NV gene variations of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus decrease cellular energy metabolism

Hwang, Jee Youn,Cho, Mi Young,Hwang, Seong Don,Park, Myoung Ae,Cho, Hyun Kook,Kim, So Young,Sung, Mi So,Kim, Dong Uk,Cheong, JaeHun Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2016 Aquaculture Vol.464 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) is a viral pathogen to cause severe losses in farming industry of olive flounder. Among six-encoding VHSV proteins, NV protein has been shown to have an impact on virulence. Thirteen VHSV strains are isolated from olive flounders showing VHS symptoms and mortality in Korea, and then molecular variation of nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the NV genes were compared. Although common mutations were detected at four sites in nucleotide sequences of NV gene, there was no difference in the amino acid sequences among 13 VHSV variants. We identified substitution of one base of 34 positions within the NV ORF of 13 VHSV isolates and these point mutations resulted in changes in amino acid sequences at 6 residues of NV (8, 56, 81, 88, 117, and 119). Based on finding of NV-mediated decrease of intracellular ATP level, protein expression of six NV variants in flounder cells decreased more than control NV protein. The strongest decreasing activity on cellular ATP level was shown by No. 56 (serine→leucine) of NV variation. The variation changes the hydropathy index significantly. The results imply that we can use appearance of some amino acid variations as virulence markers in VHSV-derived mortality.</P> <P><B>Statement of relevance</B></P> <P>1. Recently VHSV has infected >80 kinds of fish species. The number of infection host of VHSV is rapidly increased. Among the VHSV-infected fishes, olive flounder is one of the most important fish of aquaculture in Korea, Japan, and China. In every year, we found the massive VHSV-derived mortality of olive flounder aquaculture in Korea. To overcome this VHSV pathogenesis, we need to identify high-pathogenic VHSV appearance at aquaculture in earlier time.</P> <P>2. Since VHSV gene is highly mutated in time-dependent manner, the efficient vaccine for VHSV-derived disease prevention is not well achieved. Therefore, the other approaches for prevention of epidemics by VHSV should be required. Our research goal is to develop prevention of epidemics propagation of VHSV infection by high pathogenic VHSV prediction with gene variation analysis.</P> <P>3. In this study, we identified several gene variations of VHSV NV protein from 13 VHSV specimens of severe VHS-showing olive flounders in Korea. The gene variations are associated with amino acid changes of VHSV NV proteins. The amino acid variants of NV protein show the inhibitory activity of fish cellular energy (ATP) generation. The cellular energy deprivation might give a big impact on fish health and mortality. The DNA mutation on specific amino acid changes is possibly applied to develop the PCR diagnosis system for early detection of high pathogenic VHSV appearance. The early pathogenic gene diagnosis of VHSV gives more efficient prevention of epidemics.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We have identified nucleotide and amino acid variations of VHSV NV gene. </LI> <LI> VHSV NV gene expression in olive flounder cells induces cellular energy deprivation. </LI> <LI> Four different amino acid variants of VHSV NV protein show differential inhibition of cellular ATP generation intensity. </LI> <LI> The most decreased cellular ATP level is shown by No. 56 (S -> L) variant, showing the most dramatic change of the hydropathy index. </LI> </UL> </P>

Free Paper Session : Upper Gastrointestinal Tract 4 ; Can Incomplete Endoscopic Mucosal Resection Influence The Outcome Of Early Gastric Cancer Surgery?

( Sung Hoon Moon ),( Kee Don Choi ),( Jin Tae Park ),( Dong Hoon Yang ),( Chang Yun Hwang ),( Ho June Song ),( Hwoon Yong Jung ),( Jin Ho Kim ) 대한소화기학회 2007 SIDDS Vol.9 No.-

Background/Aims: Potential risk of seeding of malignant cells during procedure including submucosal injection is one of our concerns in incomplete endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR). The present study investigated the outcome of gastrectomy after incomplete EMR for early gastric cancer (EGC). Methods: We analyzed 54 consecutive patients with EGC treated surgically after incomplete EMR or gastric wall perforation. EMR was performed between Jan. 1997 and Dec. 2005. We classified the incomplete EMR as the positive lateral margin; positive vertical margin including sub-mucosal invasion; positive both margins; undifferentiated histologic type. After gastrectomy, follow-up consisted of endoscopy and abdominal computed tomography annually. Results: Of the 54 patients, 37 patients were men and 17, women. Median patient age was 63 years (range 34-81 years). Causes of gastrectomy were as follows: 24 cases of positive lateral margin; 20 cases of positive vertical margin; 4 cases of positive both margins; 3 cases of undifferentiated histologic type; 3 cases of gastric wall perforation. Curative resection with LN dissection was performed in 53 patients and one patient underwent wedge resection, 2 patients (3.7%) had LN metastasis, they both underwent gastrectomy for submucosal invasion. There was one case of recurrence after gastrectomy (1.9%). He received EMR for 1.6cm sized moderately differentiated EGC and underwent surgery 2 days later when the result of mucosectomy revealed submucosal invasion. There was no regional LN metastasis out of 11 dissected LN. 5 years 10 months after surgery, hepatic metastasis and lymphadenopathy along heptoduodenal ligament were noted which proved to be metastatic adenocarcinoma by pathology. Despite receiving chemotherapy, be died 21 months after recurrence. Recurrence rate in patients with EGC who had been operated in our hospital between 1990 and 1997 was reported to be 4.1%. Conclusions: This study suggests that incomplete EMR dose not affect the prognosis of early gastric cancer surgery.