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Unicommisural Unicuspid Aortic Valve with Very Severe Aortic Stenosis in a 17-Year-Old Female
Subrahmanya Murti Velamakanni,Gajanan Khadkikar,Aman Patel,Tejas Patel 아시아심장혈관영상의학회 2021 Cardiovascular Imaging Asia Vol.5 No.3
Unicuspid aortic valve is a rare congenital anomaly associated with early onset of severe aortic stenosis, incompetence, or both. It is frequently misdiagnosed as a bicuspid aortic valve. Here, we present echocardiographic images of a 17-year-old with a unicuspid unicommisural aortic valve who presented with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis with a very high mean transvalvular gradient of 134 mm Hg.
How Distinct are Technology-Based Start-Ups in India? Features, Policies and Evolving Ecosystems
Subrahmanya, MH Bala Asian Society for Innovation and Policy 2018 Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy Vol.7 No.1
Tech start-ups and their ecosystems are gaining increasing prominence globally and so are in India, due to their potential to contribute to employment generation, innovations, productivity, national income and exports. Against this backdrop, this article analyzes the key characteristics of tech start-ups relative to traditional start-ups and modern start-ups in India. Further, the salient features of tech start-up promotion policies initiated by the government of India and government of Karnataka as well as the current regional and sectoral distribution of start-ups is elucidated. Subsequently, the structure and components of entrepreneurial ecosystems currently under evolution in the metro cities of India are examined. Finally, the key factors contributing to the growth of different ecosystem components and its implications for the future growth of tech start-ups are outlined.
External Technology Acquisition of SMEs in the Machinery Industry of Bangalore
Subrahmanya, M.H. Bala,Hussain, Zeeshan,Chand M., Ashwin Asian Society for Innovation and Policy 2014 Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy Vol.3 No.1
This paper is an attempt to understand the external technology acquisition (ETA) process of the machinery SME sector in Bangalore city, India. With the onset of economic liberalization, Bangalore based machinery SMEs have significantly shifted their ETAs from India to abroad, particularly Germany and Japan, among others. The primary objective of ETAs is to enhance their competitiveness by means of improving product quality and productivity as well as meeting customer demand. Replacing outdated machinery or overcoming technological obsolescence is a primary objective of only a few. As a result, majority of the SMEs has gone for multiple ETAs since their inception and we found a statistically significant positive correlation between firm age and number of ETAs. The present study has made two empirical contributions: (i) We have thrown light on the core technology up-gradation issue - How do SMEs approach the problem of external technology acquisition in the current globalization era? (ii) We are able to identify and develop a map of ETA process based on the "learning and experiences" of these SMEs.
Subrahmanya Hari Prasad Peri 대한공간정보학회 2023 Spatial Information Research Vol.31 No.4
The present study investigates the possible association between major air pollutants and COVID-19. We hypothesized that the post-lockdown surge in air pollution is the major cause of the increment in COVID-19 cases and deaths. The statistical results showed that pollutant concentrations of PM2.5 (20%), PM10(24%), SO2 (12%), and O3 (19%) were raised. So, we attempted to quantify the relative risk due to all major air pollutants by fitting generalized additive models. The results suggest that the pollution concentration escalated the COVID-19 cases and deaths. The pooled study suggests that for every 10 μg/m3 increment in pollutant concentration, an increment of COVID-19 cases is observed for PM2.5 (3%), PM10 (1%), SO2 (7.7%), and O3 (10%). Similarly, there is an increment in COVID-19 deaths for PM2.5 (2.8%), PM10 (1%), SO2 (4.5%), and O3 (7.2%). The spatial maps of relative risk revealed the most vulnerable regions due to each pollutant, thus steering the policymakers to implement region-specific mitigation strategies.
New Venture Incubation Framework: An Indian Academic Model
Subrahmanya, MH Bala,Gopalaswamy, Arun Kumar Asian Society for Innovation and Policy 2018 Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy Vol.7 No.3
Institution-based Technology Business Incubators are on the rise in India, as a means of promoting innovation-based tech start-up ecosystems, due to increased policy initiatives. Against this background, we have traced the origin and process of building a start-up ecosystem in IIT Madras, Chennai of India, based on semistructured interviews held with the stakeholders of the ecosystem. Subsequently, we have ascertained the key components of IIT Madras start-up ecosystem, and the process of incubation comprising pre-incubation, incubation and post-incubation phases. Finally, we have derived the key lessons from the ecosystem development experience and incubation process which enable generation of start-ups from both students and faculty, apart from alumni and ex-industry executives. Though this ecosystem model has emerged over a period of time through learning and experience, the ecosystem is able to generate more than 100 start-ups, majority of them being from students and faculty. Thus, the evolved start-up ecosystem of IIT Madras is able to generate faculty-supported and student-led entrepreneurship successfully.
New Venture Incubation Framework: An Indian Academic Model
M.H. Bala Subrahmanya,Arun Kumar Gopalaswamy 아시아기술혁신학회 2018 Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy Vol.7 No.3
Institution-based Technology Business Incubators are on the rise in India, as a means of promoting innovation-based tech start-up ecosystems, due to increased policy initiatives. Against this background, we have traced the origin and process of building a start-up ecosystem in IIT Madras, Chennai of India, based on semi-structured interviews held with the stakeholders of the ecosystem. Subsequently, we have ascertained the key components of IIT Madras start-up ecosystem, and the process of incubation comprising pre-incubation, incubation and post-incubation phases. Finally, we have derived the key lessons from the ecosystem development experience and incubation process which enable generation of start-ups from both students and faculty, apart from alumni and ex-industry executives. Though this ecosystem model has emerged over a period of time through learning and experience, the ecosystem is able to generate more than 100 start-ups, majority of them being from students and faculty. Thus, the evolved start-up ecosystem of IIT Madras is able to generate faculty-supported and student-led entrepreneurship successfully.