Cucurbit Grafting

Davis, Angela R.,Perkins-Veazie, Penelope,Sakata, Yoshiteru,Lopez-Galarza, Salvador,Maroto, Jose Vicente,Lee, Sang-Gyu,Huh, Yun-Chan,Sun, Zhanyong,Miguel, Alfredo,King, Stephen R.,Cohen, Roni,Lee, Jun Taylor Francis 2008 Critical reviews in plant sciences Vol.27 No.1

<P> Due to limited availability of arable land and high market demand for off-season vegetables, cucurbits (plants in the family Cucurbitaceae) are continuously cultivated under unfavorable conditions in some countries. These conditions include environments that are too cold, wet, or dry, or are cool low-light winter greenhouses. Successive cropping can increase salinity, the incidence of cucurbit pests, and soilborne diseases like fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium spp. These conditions cause various physiological and pathological disorders leading to severe crop loss. Chemical pest control is expensive, not always effective, and can harm the environment. Grafting can overcome many of these problems. In fact, in many parts of the world, grafting is a routine technique in continuous cropping systems. It was first commonly used in Japan during the late 1920s by grafting watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. and Nakai] onto pumpkin [Cucurbita moschata Duchesne ex. Poir] rootstocks. Soon after, watermelons were grafted onto bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.] rootstocks. This practice helped control declining yield due to soilborne diseases. China produces more than half the world's watermelons and cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.), and approximately 20% of these are grafted. Use of rootstocks can enhance plant vigor through vigorous attainment of soil nutrients, avoidance of soil pathogens and tolerance of low soil temperatures, salinity, and wet-soil conditions. The type of rootstock affects cucurbit plant growth, yield, and fruit quality. Cucurbit grafting is rare in the United States, but with continued loss of quality disease-free farmland along with the phase-out of methyl bromide, the U.S. cucurbit industry sees grafting as an attractive option. Some seed companies now offer watermelon transplants grafted onto squash or bottle gourd rootstocks, and some transplant facilities offer grafting services. There have been thorough analyses of cucurbit grafting in other countries, but the literature in English is limited. This review summarizes the state of the cucurbit grafting industry on a global level, translating work published in many languages.</P>

The Lodge on the Lake - Australia

Henry Stephens(헨리 스테펜스),Nick Roberts(닉 로버츠),Jack Davies(잭 데이비스) 현대건축사 2013 월간 CONCEPT Vol.- No.172

INTERTEMPORAL APPROACH TO THE CURRENT ACCOUNT: EVIDENCE FROM SAUDI ARABIA, 1969-1997

Ahmed A Al Nassar,Stephen P Davies,Terutomo Ozawa People&Global Business Association 2000 Global Business and Finance Review Vol.5 No.2

The Saudi Arabian current account (CA) has fluctuated sharply over the last thirty years. The Saudi government has striven to manage its CA balance over time by making necessary adjustments in internal expenditures to achieve intertemporal optimization. This paper tests the effectiveness of such a government policy by way of an intertemporal approach to CA. The estimation results (Granger-causality test, formal test, and equality-of variances test) indicate that the model captures the statistically important features of the current account behavior for the period of 1969-1997, which demonstrates a high level of effectiveness in the Saudi CA management.

Current technique and results for extended pelvic lymph node dissection during robot-assisted radical prostatectomy

Roger Li,Firas G. Petros,Janet B. Kukreja,Stephen B. Williams,John W. Davis 대한비뇨의학회 2016 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.57 No.-

The practice of extended pelvic lymph node dissection (ePLND) remains one of the most controversial topics in the management of clinically localized prostate cancer. Although most urologists agree on its benefit for staging and prognostication, the role of the ePLND in cancer control continues to be debated. The increased perioperative morbidity makes it unpalatable, especially in patients with low likelihood of lymph node disease. With the advent of robotic assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy, many surgeons were slow to adopt ePLND in the robotic setting. In this study, we summarize the evidence for the prognostic and therapeutic roles of ePLND, review the clinical tools used for lymph node metastasis prediction and survey the numerous experiences of ePLND compiled by robotic urologic surgeons over the years.

Mass fraction assignment of folic acid in a high purity material

Westwood, Steven,Josephs, Ralf,Choteau, Tiphaine,Daireaux, Adeline,Stoppacher, Norbert,Wielgosz, Robert,Davies, Stephen,Rego, Eliane de,Wollinger, Wagner,Garrido, Bruno,Fernandes, Jane,Lima, Jonathan BUREAU INTERNATIONAL DES POIDS ET MESURES 2018 METROLOGIA -BERLIN- Vol.55 No.1

Blood Pressure May Be Associated with Arterial Collateralization in Anterior Circulation Ischemic Stroke before Acute Reperfusion Therapy

Beisi Jiang,Leonid Churilov,Lasheta Kanesan,Richard Dowling,Peter Mitchell,Qiang Dong,Stephen Davis,Bernard Yan 대한뇌졸중학회 2017 Journal of stroke Vol.19 No.2

Background and Purpose Leptomeningeal collaterals maintain arterial perfusion in acute arterialocclusion but may fluctuate subject to arterial blood pressure (ABP). We aim to investigate therelationship between ABP and collaterals as assessed by computer tomography (CT) perfusion inacute ischemic stroke. Methods We retrospectively analyzed acute anterior circulation ischemic stroke patients with CTperfusion from 2009 to 2014. Collateral status using relative filling time delay (rFTD) determined bytime delay of collateral-derived contrast opacification within the Sylvian fissure, from 0 seconds tounlimited count. The data were analyzed by zero-inflated negative binomial regression modelincluding an appropriate interaction examining in the model in terms of occlusion location andonset-to-CT time (OCT). Results Two hundred and seventy patients were included. We found that increment of 10 mm Hgin BP, the odds that a patient would have rFTD equal to 0 seconds increased by 27.9% in systolicBP (SBP) (P=0.001), by 73.9% in diastolic BP (DBP) (P<0.001) and by 68.5% in mean BP (MBP)(P<0.001). For patients with rFTD not necessarily equal to 0 seconds, every 10 mm Hg increase inBP, there was a 7% decrease in expected count of seconds for rFTD in SBP (P=0.002), 10% decreasefor rFTD in DBP and 11% decrease for rFTD in MBP. The arterial occlusion location and OCT showedno significant interaction in the BP-rFTD relationship (P>0.05). Conclusions In acute ischemic stroke, higher ABP is possibly associated with improvedleptomeningeal collaterals as identified by decreased rFTD.

Analysis of Serenoa repens Extracts on Korean Market and their Comparison to USP Saw Palmetto Extract Standards

Ki Cheon Kim,Choi Minjun,Kim Kyung-Mi,Hill W. Stephen,Dohnalek Margaret,Davis Stephanie,Jung Jae-Chul 건강기능식품미래포럼 2021 건강기능식품미래포럼 학술지 Vol.1 No.2

The lipid extract of the ripe berries of Serenoa repens also known as saw palmetto is used for relieving lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in men. In this study, four Korean saw palmetto products randomly selected from the Korean market and USPlus® extract for reference were analyzed for their ingredients using gas chromatography and compared for organoleptic characteristics such as color, appearance, and aroma. The reference sample showed the levels of the three major components (fatty acids, long-chain alcohols and phytosterols) compared well to the standards indicated in the USP Saw Palmetto Extract monograph. On the other hand, the four Korean samples showed the levels of fatty acids almost identical to those of the reference sample. However, the levels of longchain alcohols in all the Korean samples were below the minimum 0.15% USP limit, with two samples containing an almost undetectable level. In contrast, the levels of sterols were higher than those of the reference; most of the sterols was 1.4–2.0 times, particularly with campesterol up to 2 times higher and stigmasterol 3–6 times higher. Different from the clear, dark brown reference, the Korean samples were cloudy, yellow, colorless, fruity, or even rancid. The results raise a possibility that the Korean products were adulterated. To protect the consumers from this illegal and unjustifiable act, the authors are proposing a preventive measure that will be an authenticity-certifying system employing the methods used in this study.

Potential impact of cardiology phone-consultation for patients risk-stratified by the HEART pathway

Ken Monahan,Margaret Pan,Chinonso Opara,Maame Yaa A. B. Yiadom,Daniel Munoz,Benjamin B. Holmes,Davis Stephen,Kristopher J. Swiger,Sean P. Collins 대한응급의학회 2019 Clinical and Experimental Emergency Medicine Vol.6 No.3

Objective Bedside consultation by cardiologists may facilitate safe discharge of selected patients from the emergency department (ED) even when admission is recommended by the History, Electrocardiogram, Age, Risk factors, Troponin (HEART) pathway. If bedside evaluation is unavailable, phone consultation between emergency physicians and cardiologists would be most impactful if the resultant disposition is discordant with the HEART pathway. We therefore evaluate discordance between actual disposition and that suggested by the HEART pathway in patients presenting to the ED with chest pain for whom cardiology consultation occurred exclusively by phone and to assess the impact of phone-consultation on disposition. Methods We performed a single-center, retrospective study of adults presenting to the ED with chest pain whose emergency physician had a phone consultation with a cardiologist. Actual disposition was abstracted from the medical record. HEART pathway category (low-risk, discharge; high-risk, admit) was derived from ED documentation. For discharged patients, major adverse cardiac events were assessed at 30 days by chart review and phone follow-up. Results For the 170 patients that had cardiologist phone consultation, discordance between actual disposition and the HEART pathway was 17%. The HEART pathway recommended admission for nearly 80% of discharged patients. Following cardiologist phone-consultation, 10% of high-risk patients were discharged, with the majority having undergone a functional study recommended by the cardiologist. At 30 days, discharged patients had experienced no episodes of major adverse cardiac events or rehospitalization for cardiac reasons. Conclusion For patients presenting to the ED with chest pain, cardiology phone-consultation has the potential to safely impact disposition, primarily by facilitating functional testing in high-risk individuals.

Nurse Led Smartphone Electrographic Monitoring for Atrial Fibrillation after Ischemic Stroke: SPOT-AF

Bernard Yan,Hans Tu,Christina Lam,Corey Swift,Ma Sze Ho,Vincent C.T. Mok,Yi Sui,David Sharpe,Darshan Ghia,Jim Jannes,Stephen Davis,Xinfeng Liu,Ben Freedman 대한뇌졸중학회 2020 Journal of stroke Vol.22 No.3

Background and Purpose Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) underlying acute stroke frequently evades detection by standard practice, considered to be a combination of routine electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring, and 24-hour Holter recordings. We hypothesized that nurse-led in-hospital intermittent monitoring approach would increase PAF detection rate. Methods We recruited patients hospitalised for stroke/transient ischemic attack, without history of atrial fibrillation (AF), in a prospective multi-centre observational study. Patients were monitored using a smartphone-enabled handheld ECG (iECG) during routine nursing observations, and underwent 24-hour Holter monitoring according to local practice. The primary outcome was comparison of AF detection by nurse-led iECG versus Holter monitoring in patients who received both tests: secondary outcome was oral anticoagulant commencement at 3-month following PAF detection. Results One thousand and seventy-nine patients underwent iECG monitoring: 294 had iECG and Holter monitoring. AF was detected in 25/294 (8.5%) by iECG, and 8/294 (2.8%) by 24-hour Holter recordings (P<0.001). Median duration from stroke onset to AF detection for iECG was 3 days (interquartile range [IQR], 2 to 6) compared with 7 days (IQR, 6 to 10) for Holter recordings (P=0.02). Of 25 patients with AF detected by iECG, 11 were commenced on oral anticoagulant, compared to 5/8 for Holter. AF was detected in 8.8% (69/785 patients) who underwent iECG recordings only (P=0.8 vs. those who had both iECG and 24-hour Holter). Conclusions Nurse-led in-hospital iECG surveillance after stroke is feasible and effective and detects more PAF earlier and more frequently than routine 24-hour Holter recordings. Screening with iECG could be incorporated into routine post-stroke nursing observations to increase diagnosis of PAF, and facilitate institution of guideline-recommended anticoagulation.

DIRECT-SAFE: A Randomized Controlled Trial of DIRECT Endovascular Clot Retrieval versus Standard Bridging Therapy

Peter J. Mitchell,Bernard Yan,Leonid Churilov,Richard J. Dowling,Steven Bush,Thang Nguyen,Bruce C.V. Campbell,Geoffrey A. Donnan,Zhongrong Miao,Stephen M, Davis 대한뇌졸중학회 2022 Journal of stroke Vol.24 No.1

Background and Purpose The benefit regarding co-treatment with intravenous (IV) thrombolysis before mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion remains unclear. To test the hypothesis that clinical outcome of ischemic stroke patients with intracranial internal carotid artery, middle cerebral artery or basilar artery occlusion treated with direct endovascular thrombectomy within 4.5 hours will be non-inferior compared with that of standard bridging IV thrombolysis followed by endovascular thrombectomy. Methods To randomize 780 patients 1:1 to direct thrombectomy or bridging IV thrombolysis with thrombectomy. An international-multicenter prospective randomized open label blinded endpoint trial (PROBE) (ClincalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03494920). Results Primary endpoint is functional independence defined as modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0–2 or return to baseline at 90 days. Secondary end points include ordinal mRS analysis, good angiographic reperfusion (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score [mTICI] 2b–3), safety endpoints include symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage and death. Conclusions DIRECT-SAFE will provide unique information regarding the impact of direct thrombectomy in patients with large vessel occlusion, including patients with basilar artery occlusion, with comparison across different ethnic groups.