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Arun Sivananthan,Scarlet Nazarian,Lakshmana Ayaru,Kinesh Patel,Hutan Ashrafian,Ara Darzi,Nisha Patel 대한소화기내시경학회 2022 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.55 No.3
Background/Aims: Colonoscopy is the gold standard diagnostic method for colorectal neoplasia, allowing detection and resection ofadenomatous polyps; however, significant proportions of adenomas are missed. Computer-aided detection (CADe) systems in endoscopyare currently available to help identify lesions. Diminutive (≤5 mm) and nonpedunculated polyps are most commonly missed. This meta-analysis aimed to assess whether CADe systems can improve the real-time detection of these commonly missed lesions. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed. Randomized controlled trials evaluating CADe systems categorized bymorphology and lesion size were included. The mean number of polyps and adenomas per patient was derived. Independent proportionsand their differences were calculated using DerSimonian and Laird random-effects modeling. Results: Seven studies, including 2,595 CADe-assisted colonoscopies and 2,622 conventional colonoscopies, were analyzed. CADe-assistedcolonoscopy demonstrated an 80% increase in the mean number of diminutive adenomas detected per patient compared withconventional colonoscopy (0.31 vs. 0.17; effect size, 0.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.09−0.18); it also demonstrated a 91.7% increasein the mean number of nonpedunculated adenomas detected per patient (0.32 vs. 0.19; effect size, 0.05; 95% CI, 0.02−0.07). Conclusions: CADe-assisted endoscopy significantly improved the detection of most commonly missed adenomas. Although thismethod is a potentially exciting technology, limitations still apply to current data, prompting the need for further real-time studies.
Evaluation of sewage sludge incineration ash as a potential land reclamation material
Lin, Wenlin Yvonne,Ng, Wei Cheng,Wong, Belinda Shu Ee,Teo, Serena Lay-Ming,Sivananthan, Gayathiri d/o,Baeg, Gyeong Hun,Ok, Yong Sik,Wang, Chi-Hwa Elsevier 2018 Journal of hazardous materials Vol.357 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study evaluated the potential of utilising sewage sludge incineration ash as a land reclamation material. Toxicity assessment of the leachate of the ash was carried out for both terrestrial and marine organisms. Both the fruit fly <I>Drosophila melanogaster</I> and barnacle <I>Amphibalanus amphitrite</I> showed that both bottom and fly ash leached at liquid-to-solid (L/S) ratio 5 did not substantially affect viabilities. The leachate carried out at L/S 10 was compared to the European Waste Acceptance Criteria and the sewage sludge ashes could be classified as non-hazardous waste. The geotechnical properties of the sewage sludge ash were studied and compared to sand, a conventional land reclamation material, for further evaluation of its potential as a land reclamation material. It was found from direct shear test that both bottom and fly ashes displayed similar and comparable shear strength to that of typical compacted sandy soil based on the range of internal friction angle obtained. However, the consolidation profile of bottom ash was significantly different from sand, while that of fly ash was more similar to sand. Our study showed that the sewage sludge ash has the potential to be used as a land reclamation material.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Toxicity of fresh & aged sewage sludge incineration fly & bottom ash was evaluated. </LI> <LI> Terrestrial (fruit fly) & marine organisms (barnacle) were used for toxicity study. </LI> <LI> Leachates of ashes had no adverse toxicity on both fruit fly and barnacle tested. </LI> <LI> Fly ash (compared to bottom ash) had more similar geotechnical properties to sand. </LI> <LI> This study showed the potential in using sewage sludge ashes as fill material. </LI> </UL> </P>