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Science and Technology Progress on the Desulfurization Process of Crude Oil
Jumina,Yehezkiel Steven Kurniawan,Bambang Purwono,Dwi Siswanta,Yoga Priastomo,Agustinus Winarno,Joko Waluyo 대한화학회 2021 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.42 No.8
Currently, crude oil still remains an irreplaceable energy source for chemical industrial processes, transportation systems, electricity, and other human activities. However, crude oil contains sulfur elements as the major impurities in the form of aliphatic and aromatic organosulfur compounds. During the combustion of fuel, these organosulfur compounds are converted to harmful SOx gases; thus, many countries strictly limit the maximum sulfur content in the fuels. To fulfill the government regulation, refineries are trying to decrease the maximum sulfur content in crude oil through several desulfurization technologies, such as hydrodesulfurization, adsorption, oxidative-desulfurization, alkylation, and biodesulfurization. Each desulfurization technology has its own advantages and disadvantages. In this review article, we aimed to briefly summarize the progress in the developing science and technology of each desulfurization process of crude oil. Several fields in the desulfurization process are still facing challenges to create better designs and development for a safer future of the world.
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Adsorption Characteristics of Pb(II) and Cr(III) onto C-Methylcalix[4]resorcinarene
Jumina, Jumina,Sarjono, Ratnaningsih Eko,Siswanta, Dwi,Santosa, Sri Juari,Ohto, Keisuke Korean Chemical Society 2011 대한화학회지 Vol.55 No.3
C-Metylcalix[4]resorcinarene(CMCR)에서 Pb(II)와 Cr(III)의 흡착 특징에 대한 연구는 수행되어왔다. CMCR은 resorcinol, acetaldehyde 그리고 HCl로 부터 1단계 합성으로 만들어졌다. 일괄처리시스템에서 대부분의 변수는 CMCR이 Pb(II)와 Cr(III)에 대해 좋은 흡착제라는 것을 확인했다. Cr(III)은 Pb(II)보다 더 크게 흡착되지만 Cr(III)의 흡착속도는 Pb(II) 보다 더 느리다. Pb(II)와 Cr(III) 흡착의 흡착운동에너지는 batch안에서 유사 2차 운동 모델을 따른다. 그러나 고정상 컬럼 시스템에서 Pb(II)의 운동에너지는 일차 모델을 따른다. 흡착된 Pb(II)을 되찾기 위한 탈착 연구는 증류수와 HCl을 가지고 순차적으로 수행되었다. 그리고 그 결과는 흡착은 화학흡착에 의해 지배된다는 것을 보여주었다. A study on the adsorption characteristics of Pb(II) and Cr(III) cations onto C-methylcalix[4]resorcinarene (CMCR) has been conducted. CMCR was produced by one step synthesis from resorcinol, acetaldehyde, and HCl. Most parameters in batch system confirm that CMCR is a good adsorbent for Pb(II) and Cr(III). Cr(III) uptake was bigger than that of Pb(II), but Cr(III) adsorption rate was slower than Pb(II). The adsorption kinetic of Pb(II) and Cr(III) adsorptions in batch followed pseudo $2^{nd}$ order kinetics model, but the kinetic of Pb(II) adsorption in fixed bed column system followed first order model. Desorption studies to recover the adsorbed Pb(II) was performed sequentially with distilled water and HCl, and the results showed that the adsorption was dominated by chemisorption.
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