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Shuyao Duan,Xiaohong Zhan,Mengyao Wu,Hengchang Bu,Qiyu Gao 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.3
The evolution of element distribution during laser cladding involves two dynamic behaviors, i.e., liquid molten pool flow andFeCoCrNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) coatings solidification. However, it is quite difficult to characterize element distributionduring the flow of the liquid molten pool rigorously. The current investigation conducted the optical microscopy, scanningelectron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis and energy dispersive spectrometer to study the dilution, phase composition,microstructure of the FeCoCrNi coatings. The flow field was simulated to uncover the dynamic change mechanism of themolten pool and explain the experimental results. The results indicated that the coating is substantially composed of FCCand BCC solid solution with a typical dendrite microstructure. Gray Laves phase-(Ni, Co)2Ti and a small number of whitedot particles, Fe–Cr phase, are dispersed in the inter-dendritic region. The HEA atoms (Fe, Co, Cr, Ni) gradually aggregatefrom the center to the side at the coating boundary region, while the Ti atom is the opposite. The Marangoni flow inflectionpoint at the molten pool boundary will cause HEA atoms to aggregate. On the contrary, Ti atom enters the molten poolfrom the bottom with the heat buoyance flow and then migrates to the boundary along with the Marangoni flow. Therefore,the content of Ti in the coating boundary decreases. The Marangoni flow, heat buoyance flow, and recoil pressure flow areinterwoven in the middle region of the coating, resulting in a more uniform element distribution than the boundary region.
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He Zhang,Jun Bo Zhang,Qing Bo Meng,Wei Guo,Ming Yang,Shuyao Wu,Qiong Wu,Daliang Liu,Xi-Ming Song 한국공업화학회 2021 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.97 No.-
The emulsification by polyelectrolyte complexes is easy to handle, and could be considered as an effectivestrategy for introducing functional materials to liquid–liquid interfaces, but the related studies are stillinsufficient. Herein, a kind of copolymerized ionic liquid (PIL-co-PVIm) which is synthesized from 1-vinyl-3-ethylimidazolium bromide and 1-vinylimidazole, are used as polycation to form polyelectrolytecomplexes type Pickering emulsifiers with sodium alginate, poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) and poly(acrylic acid) sodium salt respectively as polyanion. For toluene-water emulsion systems andhydrophobic ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([BMIm]PF6)-watersystem, the polyelectrolyte complexes formed by PIL-co-PVIm and sodium alginate or poly (sodium4-styrenesulfonate) showed best emulsification capability. The emulsions stabilized by the polyelectro-lyte complexes at stoichiometric ratio are relatively less stable compared to non-stoichiometriccomplexes, while PIL-co-PVIm without complexation has no emulsification capability. The polyelectro-lyte complexes based on homopolymerized PIL give an unsatisfied emulsification capability, while theemulsification performance could be remarkably improved by copolymerizing ionic liquids with theuncharged comonomer, but excessive contents of the uncharged unit make the polyelectrolytecomplexes less interface active. The sheet-like PECs are formed in aqueous dispersions, and theirthickness is remarkably reduced at oil–water interface after emulsification, approximately ranging from200 nm to 10 nm by manipulating the polyanion.
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