http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors for solid organ transplant recipients: clinical updates
Shun Kawashima,Kole Joachim,Maen Abdelrahim,Ala Abudayyeh,Kenar D. Jhaveri,Naoka Murakami 대한이식학회 2022 Korean Journal of Transplantation Vol.36 No.2
Transplant care continues to advance with increasing clinical experience and improve- ments in immunosuppressive therapy. As the population ages and long-term survival improves, transplant patient care has become more complex due to comorbidities, frailty, and the increased prevalence of cancer posttransplantation. Immune check- point inhibitors (ICIs) have become a standard treatment option for many cancers in non-transplant patients, but the use of ICIs in transplant patients is challenging due to the possibility of disrupting immune tolerance. However, over the past few years, ICIs have gradually started to be used in transplant patients as well. In this study, we review the current use of ICIs after all solid organ transplantation procedures (kidney, liver, heart, and lung). Increasing data suggest that the type and number of immunosuppres- sants may affect the risk of rejection after immunotherapy. Immunotherapy for cancer in transplant patients may be a feasible option for selected patients; however, prospec- tive trials in specific organ transplant recipients are needed.
Shun'ichi Makino,Mitsuhiro Kawashima,Hajime Kosaka 한국응용곤충학회 2011 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.14 No.1
This is the first record of Xenos moutoni, a specialized parasite of hornets (Vespa spp.), in Korea. Among six Vespa species collected with bait traps in Andong, central South Korea, approximately 10% of female Vespa analis (gynes plus workers) were parasitized, whereas the other five species (V. crabro, V. mandarinia,V. simillima, V. ducalis, and V. dybowskii) were not. Almost all parasitized hornets had a single female parasite in the gaster.