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The Impact of Public Pension on Chinese Household Consumption
Ya-Hao LI(Ya-Hao LI),Fan YANG(Fan YANG),Shuang ZHANG(Shuang ZHANG) 한국웰빙융합학회 2024 웰빙융합연구 Vol.7 No.1
Purpose: The improvement of the social security system can greatly affect residents' future uncertainty, and it is important to study the relationship between public pensions and household consumption. Research design, data and methodology: Using the 2018 China Household Panel Survey (CFPS) data, the instrumental variable method is used to analyze the impact of pension insurance on urban residents' consumption. Results: The results of the study show that there are differences in the impact of three different pension insurance systems on household consumption. The pension insurance for public sector significantly boosts household consumption, and having a pension insurance for public sector can increase household consumption by 7.7%. The pension insurance for enterprise employee will reduce household consumption, but this is only significant for urban households. The pension insurance for urban and rural residents has a negative impact on household consumption. For the 16- to 39-year-old group, having a pension insurance for urban and rural residents will reduce household consumption by 5.7%. At the same time, household income, assets, scale, and education level will positively stimulate household consumption. Conclusions: The study reveals varying impacts among different pension types, highlighting the need for optimizing social security schemes to incentivize higher consumption rates.
Hao Yanping,Chen Leilei,Wang Fan,Chen Qingkui,Li Shuangli,Zhang Weiwei,Zhang Shengnan,Tian Hongchi,Yang Huili 한국유변학회 2024 Korea-Australia rheology journal Vol.36 No.4
In this work, a one-step reactive extrusion method was adopted to improve comprehensive properties of poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) by melt blending with two chain extenders, including polycarbodiimide (PCDI) and multifunctional epoxy polymer (ADR). Their influences on rheological behaviors, aging properties, and thermal stability of PBAT were explored, and the detailed mechanisms were also discussed. It was found that the terminal carboxyl content of PBAT decreased with addition of PCDI and ADR. When 1.0 wt% PCDI was added, the terminal carboxyl content deceased by 70.3%. This indicated that the reaction between the two chain extenders and the terminal hydroxyl and carboxyl groups of PBAT enhanced to perform the chain extension, which increased the molecular weight, storage modulus, loss modulus, and complex viscosity of PBAT, and different relaxation processes were observed for different samples by Han and Cole–Cole plots. Damp-heat aging resistance measurements showed correlation with terminal carboxyl content in PBAT. And reducing the terminal carboxyl content in PBAT was shown to increase hydrolytic stability. For PBAT with 1.0 wt% PCDI blend, the tensile strength and elongation at break retention were above 70%. In addition, the thermal stability of PBAT was also improved due to the chain extension in the blends, which retarded degradation. The analysis results indicated that the comprehensive performance of modified PBAT was the best when 1.0 wt% PCDI was added.
Research on the Real-time Monitoring System of Cow’s Rumination
Shuang Zhang,Yu Zhang,Weizheng Shen,Lu Xu,Hao Wu,Zhongbin Su 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Smart Home Vol.10 No.7
Cow’s rumination is an important process of food digestion for dairy cows which is a valuable indicator during the cow management. By measuring the cow’s rumination time, it is capable to predict the cow’s estrus, and learn the cow’s health situation. This paper uses MSP430F149 processor with a sound sensor to achieve the design of real-time monitoring system for cow’s rumination. Since the system require high accuracy of the audio signal of the cow’s rumination, the ADC acquisition module and filtering and amplification process was made a special design. For the change of the spectral characteristics of the voice when cows ruminating, this paper designed the endpoint detection algorithm and sound sequence windowed function, and FFT transform is performed on the data in the Hamming window, and then do the frequency domain analysis to the audio of cow’s rumination. Comparing the sound spectrum collected from high precision recording instrument and this system, this system has done a good job in frequency and time domain. Applying the high precision recording instrument to the simulation experiment for cow’s rumination which conduct 50 sets of different time ranging, using this system to do the real-time monitoring, the mean error was 4.38, the R2 value is 0.877, the Pearson correlation was 0.936. This system performed accurate in the acquisition of the sound signal, and more accurately in identifying cows ruminating, and it can also provide effective means for the intelligent management of the pasture on cow’s health and breeding.
Shuang Liang,Shouyi Yang,Wanming Hao,Bing Ning 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Vol.11 No.3
In this study, energy-efficient (EE) resource allocation in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing-based cognitive radio networks with imperfect spectrum sensing is investigated. We present a new EE model by considering the sensing errors. Optimizing such an EE expression saves valuable resources, such as battery life, by selectively allocating power to underutilized subcarriers, and also achieves EE gain compared with general EE expression. Given that the primary user’s interference tolerance can be defined as either the Peak Interference Power (PIP) constraint or Average Interference Power (AIP) constraint for all subchannels, we compare the EE performance for the two interference power constraints. Finally, we propose an optimal EE resource allocation scheme based on the quasiconcave relation between the EE and transmit power. Simulations show that the new EE design improves EE compared with the conventional EE design, and the EE is higher with AIP constraint than that with PIP constrain under certain interference power.
Guo Shuang,Wang Chi,Hu Taoyu,Lan Lihua,Ge Zhen,Huang Jianxiang,Chen Shuohua,Wu Shouling,Xue Hao 대한고혈압학회 2025 Clinical Hypertension Vol.31 No.-
Background: The aim of this study was to determine the association between low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and risks of stroke and mortality in the hypertensive patients with high risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Methods: A total of 19,507 hypertensive patients with high risk of ASCVD from the Kailuan cohort study were included in the present study. Patients were categorized into 5 groups by the levels of LDL-C: < 1.40 mmol/L (55 mg/dL), 1.40–1.79 mmol/L (55–69 mg/dL), 1.80–2.59 mmol/L (70–99 mg/dL), 2.60–3.39 mmol/L (100–130 mg/dL), and ≥ 3.40 mmol/L (131 mg/dL). The primary outcomes of this study included hemorrhagic stroke (HS), ischemic stroke (IS), and all-cause mortality. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of incident HS, IS, and all-cause mortality among hypertensive patients with high risk of ASCVD across LDL-C groups. Results: During a median follow-up of 15.81 years, 3,055 cases of stroke (including 500 cases of HS and 2,555 cases of IS) and 5,340 cases of all-cause mortality were documented. Patients with LDL-C < 1.40 mmol/L had the highest incidences of HS and all-cause mortality among the 5 LDL-C groups. After adjusting for potential confounders, the HRs of HS, IS, and all-cause mortality were 1.34 (95% CI, 1.01–1.80), 1.08 (95% CI, 0.94–1.24), and 1.10 (95% CI, 1.01–1.21) for patients with LDL-C < 1.40 mmol/L compared with those with LDL-C 1.80–2.59 mmol/L. Similar results were generated across LDL-C groups with several sensitivity analyses. Conclusions: LDL-C < 1.40 mmol/L was associated with increased risk of HS and all-cause mortality in hypertensive patients with high-risk of ASCVD.