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Thyroid Cytology in India: Contemporary Review and Meta-analysis
Shipra Agarwal,Deepali Jain 대한병리학회 2017 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.51 No.6
Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a screening test for triaging thyroid nodules, aiding in subsequent clinical management. However, the advantages have been overshadowed by the multiplicity of reporting systems and a wide range of nomenclature used. The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) was formulated in 2007, to give the world a uniform thyroid cytology reporting system, facilitating easy interpretation by the clinicians. Here, we review the status of thyroid FNAC in India in terms of various reporting systems used including a meta-analysis of the previously published data. An extensive literature search was performed using internet search engines. The reports with detailed classification system used in thyroid cytology were included. The meta-analysis of published data was compared with the implied risk of malignancy by TBSRTC. More than 50 studies were retrieved and evaluated. TBSRTC is currently the most widely used reporting system with different studies showing good efficacy and interobserver concordance. Ancillary techniques have, as of now, limited applicability and acceptability in thyroid cytology in India. Twenty-eight published articles met the criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis. When compared with TBSRTC recommendations, the meta-analysis showed a higher risk of malignancy for categories I and III. Thyroid FNAC is practiced all over India. TBSRTC has found widespread acceptance, with most institutions using this system for routine thyroid cytology reporting. However, reasons for a high malignancy risk for categories I and III need to be looked into. Various possible contributing factors are discussed in the review.
Endobronchial Smooth Muscle Tumors: A Series of Five Cases Highlighting Pitfalls in Diagnosis
Tripti Nakra,Aanchal Kakkar,Shipra Agarwal,Karan Madan,Suresh C Sharma,Deepali Jain 대한병리학회 2018 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.52 No.4
Background: Primary endobronchial smooth muscle tumors (SMTs), which are extremely rare, include endobronchial leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas. Clinically, SMTs present with signs and symptoms of bronchial obstruction, and lack specific radiological findings. Thus, histopathological examination is required for accurate diagnosis as well as for tumor grading. We examined the histomorphological and immunohistochemical features of endobronchial SMTs and highlighted pitfalls in diagnosis, particularly when using small biopsies. Methods: Cases of primary endobronchial SMTs diagnosed at our Institute over the last 6 years (2012–2017) were retrieved from the departmental archives. Histopathological features and immunohistochemistry performed for establishing the diagnosis were reviewed. Results: Five cases of SMTs occurring in endobronchial locations were identified. These included three cases of leiomyoma, and two cases of leiomyosarcoma. The age distribution of patients ranged from 13 to 65 years. Leiomyomas showed more consistent staining with smooth muscle markers (smooth muscle actin, desmin, and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain), while tumors of higher grade showed variable, focal staining, leading to erroneous diagnosis, especially on small biopsies. Conclusions: The diagnosis of endobronchial SMTs relies on histopathological examination, for both confirmation of smooth muscle lineage and determination of the malignant potential of the lesion. Appropriate immunohistochemical panels including more than one marker of smooth muscle differentiation are extremely valuable for differential diagnosis from morphological mimics, which is necessary for instituting appropriate management.
Umbilical cord ulceration: An underdiagnosed entity
( Barkha Maheshwari ),( Maitrayee Roy ),( Shipra Agarwal ),( S Devi ),( Ashu Singh ),( Nita Khurana ),( Sangeeta Gupta ) 대한산부인과학회 2016 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.59 No.5
Umbilical cord ulceration is a rare condition presenting with sudden fetal bradycardia due to fetal hemorrhage and in most cases leading to intrauterine death. A strong association with intestinal atresia has been reported. Most cases present after 30 weeks of gestation, with preterm labor or rupture of membranes followed by sudden fetal bradycardia. We report two such cases of umbilical cord ulceration and review the available literature. One of the cases interestingly presented at 26 weeks, much earlier than what is reported in the world literature. In view of high perinatal mortality and morbidity, awareness of this condition is mandatory for timely and appropriate management to improve the fetal outcome.