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Jamshed ALI,Muhammad Arshad KHAN,Misbah WADOOD,Usman Shaukat KHAN 한국유통과학회 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.12
This study aims to measure financial inclusion and examine its impact on income inequality in a panel of 18 Asian countries over the period 1997–2017. Two alternative approaches for developing financial inclusion index are used: one approach following the methodology of Sarma (2008), while the other is the Dynamic Factor Model (DFM)-based index. The impact of individual indicators and index of financial inclusion on inequality in income is analyzed. The Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) approach is used for empirical analysis. The results indicate that micro-level financial inclusion has a weak negative and statistically significant impact on income inequality. Macro-level index and all individual indicators of financial inclusion do not affect income inequality in the selected sample of economies. The income inequality issues have different natures and cannot be fixed by financial inclusion only. It needs holistic structural reforms to enable fair distribution of income and make an equitable financial system. Financial inclusion is a relatively less important intervention tool regarding fixing the issue of income inequality. This is one of the first studies that used the DFM method for financial inclusion indices construction.
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Issues and Misconceptions of Financial Inclusion Indices: Evidences from Selected Asian Economies
Jamshed ALI,Muhammad Arshad KHAN,Usman Shaukat KHAN,Misbah WADOOD 한국유통과학회 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.12
This study aims to revisit the issues and misconceptions about financial inclusion (FI) indices. For indices construction, this study uses two approaches: one approach following the methodology of Sarma (2008) which is based on UNDP methodology, while the other is the Dynamic Factor Model (DFM)-based index of Stock and Watson (2002) and Rehman et al. (2021). The data of 18 economies of Asia from 1997 till 2017 is used for indices construction and analysis. The authors constructed macro and micro-level financial inclusion indices based on the different types of financial inclusion indicators. Second, the authors have critically evaluated two different approaches, and the results show that Sarma (2008)-based index show financial inclusion’s level, while DFM-based index reveal fluctuation in the current year’s financial inclusion level due to the prior variations. For measuring the level of financial inclusion, the Sarma (2008) index is effective, while for forecasting the level of financial inclusion, the DFM approach is more appropriate. Furthermore, the micro and macro aspects of financial inclusion should be reflected in separate indices for better understanding and in-depth insights.
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Variability and Predictability of Summer Monsoon Rainfall over Pakistan
Adnan Muhammad,Khan Firdos,Rehman Nadia,Ali Shaukat,Hassan Sher Shah,Dogar Muhammad Mubashar,Mehmood Shahbaz,Hasson Shabehul 한국기상학회 2021 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.57 No.1
Rainfall variability associated with the South Asian Summer Monsoon has increased in recent decades, particularly at the northwestern monsoon margins over Pakistan, leading to more frequent and intense hydro-meteorological extremes that have adversely affected the agrarian economy, water and food security in the country. Devising effective strategies to ensure sustainable development in Pakistan thus requires that the monsoonal rainfall be predicted on an inter-annual scale. Here, we predicted the inter- and intra-annual variability of the monsoonal rainfall over Pakistan and its possible drivers using a linear statistical forecast model of the principal component (PC) regression analysis. For this purpose, highly correlated PCs of the National Centre for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) based sea level pressure, horizontal and meridional winds to the observed rainfall for the period 2001–2013 were ingested in a stepwise multiple regression model, which was further validated for the duration of 2014–2015. Our results suggest that featuring correlation coefficient, mean absolute error, mean bias, and root mean square error of 0.75, 42.23, −14.92 and 60.65, respectively, the model exhibits robust skill in predicting the inter-annual monsoonal rainfall variability at its extreme northwestern margins over Pakistan.
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Sajjad Haider,Hamza Farooq Gabriel,Shaukat Ali Khan 대한토목학회 2017 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.21 No.7
This technical note studies the supercritical junction flow occurring at the right-angled confluence of four equal-width channels in which two upstream channels carry flow towards the junction. The note seeks to investigate, firstly, the pertinence of a 2D shallow water equation model to reproduce the typical flow structures at the junction. The second objective is to build a computationally efficient model with more resolution applied at critical point i.e. junction and less in areas where the flow is primarily 1D i.e. channels and compare such model, named, ‘sparse’ with a uniformly meshed model regarding solution accuracy and computational efficiency. The results indicate that the sparse model is able to reproduce typical flow structures appearing at the channel junction in an adequate manner. The discharge distribution is fairly well predicted. The jump angles are almost the same in the two models as well as the location and size of the recirculation zones and the flow depth super-elevation areas. However, the two models diverge in the prediction of very small depths in the recirculation zone where the sparse model overestimates the depths. As regards, computational efficiency, the sparse model is found to be 61% more efficient than the uniform mesh model.
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Etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma and treatment through medicinal plants: a comprehensive review
Sundas Nasreen,Sobia Safeer,Kamaran Khurshid Dar,Saiqa Andleeb,Mubashir Ejaz,Muhammad Adeeb Khan,Shaukat Ali 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2018 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.18 No.3
Liver is a power house of the body for many components such as vitamins, minerals, iron and glycogen and play role in biotransformation. Some ingredients of our diet (foodstuff s may contain with afl atoxin B1, vinyl chloride, tobacco, heavy alcohol intake, fried meat, coff ee and oral contraceptives),when metabolized become tremendous for liver and leads toward hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC occurs through cyclical liver injury due to infl ammation and DNA damaging as a result of oxidative stress. Phytochemicals of medicinal plants have curative potential against liver cancer due to presence of linalool, eucalyptol, borneol, thujone, camphor, 4-terpineol, monoterpenes and α -cadinol, sophytotherapies have several advantages over conventional chemotherapies. According to literature survey Acanthus ilicifolius, Allium sativum, Artemisiaprinceps, Artemisia vulgaris, Amorphophallus campanulatus, Brucea javanica, Broussonetia luzonica, Dracocephalum kotschyi, Graptopetalum paraguayense, Nigella sativa, Petasites japonicas, Silybum marianum, Bergenia ciliata , Cassia fi stula and Picrorhiza scrophularilora have vital bioactive compounds used against hepatocellular carcinoma.
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