Mechanical and Metallurgical Characterizations of AA2014/Eggshells Waste Particulate Metal Matrix Composite

Shashi Prakash Dwivedi,Satpal Sharma,Raghvendra Kumar Mishra 한국정밀공학회 2016 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.3 No.3

Chicken eggshell (ES) is an aviculture byproduct that has been listed worldwide as one of the worst environmental problems. The effective utilization of chicken eggshell (ES) biowaste is strongly encouraged in our society for environmental and economic reasons. The present work deals with development of AA2014/ carbonized eggshells particulate composites by electromagnetic stir casting process at optimized parameters using RSM. The predicted tensile strength of 239 MPa of the composite was found at optimum parameters of 60 MPa (Squeezing Pressure), 12 ampere (Current), 180 s (Time) and 700oC (Pouring Temperature) respectively. There was about 2.79% error in the experimental and modeled results of tensile strength. Obtained result shows that as stirring current and stirring temperature increases, tensile strength also increases. While increase in pouring temperature of matrix decreases tensile strength of composite. Density of the metal matrix composite decreases 5%, when eggshells particulate is added 5% by wt. to matrix alloy. Hardness, toughness and fatigue strength were also carried out of the AA2014/eggshell composite. Results show an improvement in these properties with the addition of eggshell in the matrix alloy. Microstructural study show uniform distribution of eggshell in the composites.

Effect of MgO addition on physico-chemical, mechanical and thermal behaviour of Al/Si3N4 composite material developed via hybrid casting technique

Shashi Prakash Dwivedi,Ashok Kumar Mishra,V. R. Mishra 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2019 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.20 No.6

In the present investigation, aluminium based composite material developed by using Si3N4 as primary reinforcement material and MgO as secondary reinforcement material by hybrid casting techniques. The microstructure of composite developed by hybrid casting technique showed a uniform distribution of Si3N4 and MgO particles in the AA2024 aluminium alloy. Maximum tensile strength and hardness were found to be 214.5 MPa and 78 BHN for heat-treated AA2024/7.5% Si3N4/5% MgO composite material. Minimum thermal expansion was also found for AA2024/7.5% Si3N4/5% MgO composite material. However, minimum corrosion loss was found for AA2024/10% Si3N4/2.5% MgO composite material. Though, toughness and ductility were reduced by adding the Si3N4 and MgO particles in AA2024 aluminium alloy. XRD analysis of AA2024/7.5% Si3N4/5% MgO composite material was also observed to see the effect of Si3N4 and MgO particles addition in AA2024 aluminium alloy.

Utilization of Chrome Containing Leather Waste in Development of Aluminium Based Green Composite Material

Shashi Prakash Dwivedi,Ashish Kumar Srivastava 한국정밀공학회 2020 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.7 No.3

Leather industries are produced lots of hazardous waste in the town areas. Due to which level of soil and air pollutants are increasing day by day. These wastes also harm human health especially children and old age peoples. Among these leather wastes, chrome containing leather waste can be utilized to produce composite materials eff ectively. In the present work, an attempt is made to excerpt the chromium (Cr) based collagen powder from leather waste and utilize in the synthesis of MMCs. In this work, aluminium is used as base material whereas collagen powder is used as reinforcement along with Al 2 O 3 ceramic particles as a primary reinforcement material. Results reveal the homogeneous distribution of Al 2 O 3 particles and collagen powder in matrix material during the microstructural examination. Proper wettability and good interfacial reaction layer were observed between Collagen powder and Aluminium matrix material. Tensile strength was improved about 14.32% by adding simultaneously 5 wt. % Al 2 O 3 and 1.25 wt. % collagen powder in the aluminium matrix material. However, the hardness was improved about 35.29% by adding 6.25 wt. % Al 2 O 3 in aluminium. It has been also observed that impact strength signifi cantly improved (27.77%) by adding 2.5 wt. % Al 2 O 3 and 3.75 wt. % collagen powder simultaneously in aluminium. Minimum corrosion loss and thermal expansion have been observed for Al/1.25% Al 2 O 3 /5% collagen powder composite and Al/0% Al 2 O 3 /6.25% collagen powder composite respectively. X-ray diff raction analysis was also performed to validate the presence of Al 2 O 3 and Cr in Al/Al 2 O 3 /Collagen powder metal matrix composite material. Mechanical properties were improved signifi cantly by adding Al 2 O 3 and Collagen powder simultaneously in Aluminium. Corrosion behaviour and thermal expansion of composite material were also identifi ed to observe the Al 2 O 3 and Collagen powder addition in Aluminium.

Effect of Friction Stir Process Parameters on Mechanical Properties of Chrome Containing Leather Waste Reinforced Aluminium Based Composite

Shashi Prakash Dwivedi,Rajeev Agrawal,Shubham Sharma 한국정밀공학회 2021 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.8 No.3

Nowadays, there is a lot of environmental pollution due to the wastes generated by the industries. In particular, the waste generated by leather industries produces more environmental pollution. Chrome containing leather waste (CCLW) also causes a lot of environmental pollution. In this study, an attempt has been made to use CCLW as reinforcement with aluminium. Collagen powder was extracted from CCLW. Extracted collagen powder was used to develop aluminium based composite after ball-milling with alumina particles. The parameters of the friction stir process (FSP) are optimized by the Box-Behnken Design. The optimum combination of FSP parameters was found to be the number of tool pass of 1, tool rotational speed of 965.20 rpm and transverse speed of 23.69 mm/min. Tensile strength and hardness were found to be 162.89 MPa and 53.24 BHN, respectively at an optimum combination of FSP parameters. Uniform distribution of reinforcement particles has been also observed for the composite developed at an optimum combination of FSP parameters. Results showed that tensile strength and hardness of composite were enhanced by about 20.65 % and 23.81 % respectively with respect to the base material.

Effect of process parameters on tensile strength of friction stir welding A356/C355 aluminium alloys joint

Shashi Prakash Dwivedi 대한기계학회 2014 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.28 No.1

In the present investigation, A356/C355 aluminium alloys are welded by friction stir welding by controlling various welding parameters. A356 and C355 aluminium alloys materials have a set of mechanical and physical properties that are ideally suited for application inaerospace and automobile industries and not widely used because of its poor weldebility. To overcome this barrier, weldebility analysisof A356 and C355 aluminium alloys with high speed steel (Wc-Co) tool has been investgated. An attempt has been made to investigatethe influence of the rotational speed of the tools, the axial force and welding speed on tensile strength of A356/C355 aluminium alloysjoint. The experiments were conducted on a milling machine. The main focus of investigation is to determine good tensile strength. Responsesurface methodology (box Behnken design) is chosen to design the optimum welding parameters leading to maximum tensilestrength. The result shows that axial force increases, tensile strength decreases. Whereas tool rotational speed and welding speed increase,tensile strength increases. Optimum values of axial force (3 /KN), tool rotational speed (900 RPM) and welding speed (75 mm/min.)during welding of A356/C355 aluminium alloys joint to maximize the tensile strength (Predicted 223.2 MPa) have been find out.

Characterization of Waste Eggshells and CaCO3 Reinforced AA2014 Green Metal Matrix Composites: A Green Approach in the Synthesis of Composites

Shashi Prakash Dwivedi,Satpal Sharma,Raghvendra Kumar Mishra 한국정밀공학회 2016 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.17 No.10

Three AA2014 alloy metal matrix composites containing reinforcing particles of eggshell, carbonized eggshell and CaCO3 (powder) were processed. The influences of different particle percentage of eggshell were compared with commercial calcium carbonate. The electromagnetic stir casting technique followed by hot extrusion was employed to fabricate metal matrix composite. The results revealed that the tensile strength, hardness and fatigue strength increased by the addition of eggshell particles up to 12.5 wt.% in AA2014 matrix alloy for both carbonized and uncarbonized reinforced composites. Toughness, ductility and corrosion rate decreased by the addition of eggshell particles up to 12.5 wt.% in AA2014 matrix alloy for both carbonized and uncarbonized reinforced composites. Mechanical properties decreased in the addition CaCO3 in AA2014 matrix alloy. After the heat treatment process, mechanical properties further improved for both carbonized and uncarbonized eggshell particles reinforced composites. However, corrosion rate increased. These results showed that using the carbonized eggshell as reinforcement in the AA2014 alloy gave better physical and mechanical properties at lower cost as compared to uncarbonized ES particles and CaCO3. Apparent interfacial reaction layer and minimum corrosion were observed at AA2014/12.5% carbonized eggshell particulate composite. No reaction product was observed at AA2014/CaCO3 particulate metal matrix composite.

Effect of Magnesium Addition on Mechanical Properties of Al -Fly Ash Green Composite Produced under Green Ultrasonic Vibration Process

Pankaj Kr. Sharma,Shashi Prakash Dwivedi,Ajay Kumar,Amit Kumar Sharma 한국정밀공학회 2019 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.6 No.3

In the present investigation an effort has been made to produce Al-Fly ash green composite using liquid state stir casting technique followed by green ultrasonic vibration such that it can improve wettability of fly-ash with aluminium by adding magnesium in the presence of argon gas. Addition of magnesium increases wettability of fly-ash particle in the molten aluminium and improves mechanical properties of Al-Fly ash green composite to a great extent. Incorporation of magnesium enhances the homogeneous allocation of fly ash particles in the pure aluminium alloy. More uniform distribution of Fly ash provides better mechanical properties. In this study, sample of Al/2 wt.% Mg/8 wt.% Fly ash provides most excellent outcome amongst all the selected composition. Microstructures show that the distribution of reinforcements is more uniform in this composition. TEM image shows proper wettability between aluminium and reinforcements. Density, cost estimation, hardness, toughness, ductility and tensile strength were also calculated to observe the result of magnesium and fly ash addition in aluminium matrix.