Effective water management strategies for hydroponic systems for growing lettuce

( Qusay Fareed Shallal ),( Seong-gu Hong ) 한국농공학회 2018 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2018 No.-

Iraq is expected to face a major problem in water scarcity, especially in the near term because of climate change and foreign policies of neighbor countries as well. Therefore, the focus has been on minimizing the depletion of water within the Tigris and Euphrates rivers and their sources, especially in the field of agriculture, as one of the solutions is hydroponics system as a modern systems in Iraq by can reduce the irrigation water by almost half. Hydroponic mean the process that cultivated of plants in water without soil, by mixing salts with water to form a nutrient solution. Hydroponics can be divided into two main parts: open system and closed system. The open system uses the nutrient solution once, is discarded, and cannot be reused again. In the closed system, the nutritious solution is reused again after adding a few nutrients as compensation for the lack of consumption rather than replacing the solution. This experiment reinforces the possibility of reusing the nutrient solution while managing the changes that occur in the nutritious solution. By using solar distillation technology in combination with hydroponics, the water irrigation used for agriculture can be reduced further compared to other systems that are more expensive and require significant maintenance. Distillation system are several processes to remove impurities, salts and heavy metals from improper water and convert them into potable water and other essential uses and industrial .in small and simple uses solar water still can be used because of cheap costs especially in Iraq and west-Indian Islands, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia. However, this system has not been used in a wide range because of the low productivity of water extracted from it. In this experiment, an amount of (740 ml/ cm²) of pure water was obtained by using 2 liters brackish water in summer season. In addition, some factors have been studied to help increase productivity such as plastic cover and glass cover, use insulation material or not, effect of the difference of water depth on production, and the effect of high and Low temperature.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of School Nurses in the United Arab Emirates about HPV Infection and Vaccine

Ortashi, Osman,Shallal, Musa,Osman, Nawal,Raheel, Hina Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.12

Background: In 2008, the Health Authority in Abu Dhabi (the capital of the United Arab Emirates) introduced HPV vaccine free of charge for high school girls entering grade 11, becoming the first state in the Middle East to do so. The objectives of this study were to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of school nurses in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi about HPV infection and the vaccine. Materials and Methods: A quantitative study was designed and conducted from June to August 2012 in Emirate of Abu Dhabi. Data were collected through direct face to face interviews. from one hundred and twenty five nurses. Results: Knowledge of HPV infection and HPV vaccine was almost universal among the school nurses (97%). The majority of the participants (71%) thought that the HPV vaccine was good. Cultural unacceptability (45%) and lack of women's concern about their own health (21%) were rated as the top barriers for the successful introduction of the vaccine in the UAE. More than half of the sampled nurses (58%) have either given this vaccine to school girls or taken it themselves. The majority (95%) did not come across any side effects from the vaccine. The level of qualification and the place of work did not significantly affect the correct knowledge of HPV infection or cervical cancer prevention methods. Conclusions: The knowledge and attitude of the sampled school nurses in Abu Dhabi State about HPV infection and vaccine is very good in both the public and private sectors. However, a knowledge gap in cervical cancer screening methods was identified.

Behavior of reinforced sustainable concrete hollow-core slabs

Al-Azzawi, Adel A.,Shallal, Mustafa S. Techno-Press 2021 Advances in concrete construction Vol.11 No.4

This study aims to trace the response of twelve one-way sustainable concrete hollow-core slabs made by reducing cement content and using replacement of coarse aggregate by plastic aggregate. The trial mixes comprise the 25, 50, 75, and 100% replacement of natural coarse aggregate. The compressive strength of the resulting lightweight concrete with full replacement of coarse aggregate by plastic aggregate was 28 MPa. These slabs are considered to have a reduced dead weight due to using lightweight aggregate and due to reducing cross-section through using voids. The samples are tested under two verticals line loads. Several parameters are varied in this study such as; nature of coarse aggregate (natural or recycled), slab line load location, the shape of the core, core diameter, flexural reinforcement ratio, and thickness of the slab. Strain gauges are used in the present study to measure the strain of steel in each slab. The test samples were fourteen one-way reinforced concrete slabs. The slab's dimensions are (1000 mm), (600 mm), (200 mm), (length, width, and thickness). The change in the shape of the core from circular to square and the use of (100 mm) side length led to reducing the weight by about (46%). The cracking and ultimate strength is reduced by about (5%-6%) respectively. With similar values of deflection. The mode of failure will remain flexural. It is recognized that when the thickness of the slab changed from (200 mm to 175 mm) the result shows a reduction in cracking and ultimate strength by about (6% and 7%) respectively.

Synthesis of Hydrazone Derivatives of 4-(2-Chloroethyl) semicarbazide : A New Class of Cytotoxic Agents

El-Sabbagh, O.I.,El-Sadek, M.E.,Aboukull, M.E.,Shallal, H.M. Korean Chemical Society 2009 대한화학회지 Vol.53 No.1

새로운 종류의 히드라존 유도체는 4-(2-chloroethyl) semicarbazides로 부터 합성되었고, 인간 두 뇌(U251)와 간(Hepg2)의 암세포 에 대해 항증식성을 보였다. 히드라존 화합물은 벤즈알데히드, 아세토 페논, 3-formylindole 유도체이다. 아세토페논 유도체중에 3e (p-methoxy substituted)와 and 3f (p-nitro substituted)는 Hepg2 세포 (각각I$C_{50}$ = 6 ,8 $\mu$g/mL) 에 대해 가장 높은 세포독성활성을 보인다. 3-Formylindole 유도체중에 4a (hydrazone of 3-formylindole)은 U251 (I$C_{50}$ = 21 $\mu$g/mL)와 Hepg2 (I$C_{50}$ = 7 $\mu$g/mL)에 강한 세포독성활성을 보인다. A new series of hydrazone derivatives were synthesized from 4-(2-chloroethyl)semicarbazide and their antiproliferative activity against human brain (U251) and liver (Hepg2) carcinoma cell lines were evaluated. The hydrazone compounds are benzaldehyde (2a-2g), acetophenone (3a-3f), and 3-formylindole derivatives (4a-4d). Among the acetophenone derivatives, 3e (p-methoxy substituted) and 3f (p-nitro substituted) showed the highest cytotoxic activity against Hepg2 cell line (I$C_{50}$ = 6 and 8 $\mu$g/ml, respectively). Among the 3-formylindole derivatives, 4a (hydrazone of 3-formylindole itself) showed a pronounced cytotoxic activity against both U251 (I$C_{50}$ = 21 $\mu$g/ml) and Hepg2 (I$C_{50}$ = 7 $\mu$g/ml).

The Influence of the Tools of Liberalism and the Clash of Civilizations on Arabs’ Perceptions of the United States of America

Ali A Dashti,Ali Al-Kandari,Ahmed R. Alsaber,Ahmad Al-Shallal 충남대학교 아시아여론연구소 2023 Asian journal for public opinion research Vol.11 No.4

Adopting the Tools of Liberalism and Clash of Civilizations theories of international relations, this study examines the perceptions of 25,406 Arabs in 11 Arab countries as expressed in an Arab Barometer survey exploring their perceptions of violence against the United States (US), American citizens as “good,” President Donald Trump’s foreign policy in the Middle East, increasing economic relations with the US, and welcoming American foreign aid. As aspects of the Clash of Civilizations theory, this study examines religiosity, religious ritual practices, and political Islam and, as aspects of liberalism, this study explores the roles of online media as well as perceptions about US foreign aid in the prediction of the criterion variables. The findings suggest that religious indicators, and aspects of the Clash of Civilizations generally, were negative predictors of the perceptions, while social media and motivations for US foreign aid as aspects of liberalism, positively predicted the perceptions. The study discusses the results in relation to implications for policy makers.