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Weed Population Dynamics under Climatic Change
Bir, Md. Shahidul Haque,Eom, Min Yong,Uddin, Md. Romij,Park, Tae Seon,Kang, Hang Won,Kim, Do Soon,Park, Kee Woong The Korean Society of Weed ScienceThe Turfgrass So 2014 Weed & Turfgrass Science Vol.3 No.3
This paper provides some of the scientific background on how projected environmental conditions could affect weeds and weed management in crops. Elevated $CO_2$ levels may have positive effects on crop competitiveness with $C_4$ weeds, but these are generally outnumbered by $C_3$ species in weed populations. Moreover, higher temperatures and drought will favor $C_4$ over $C_3$ plants. The implementation of climate change adaptation technologies, such as drought-tolerant germplasm and water-saving irrigation regimes, will have consequences for crop-weed competition. Rainfed production systems are thought to be most vulnerable to the direct effects of climate change and are likely to face increased competition from $C_4$ and parasitic weeds. Biotic stress-tolerant crop cultivars to be developed for these systems should encompass weed competitiveness and parasitic-weed resistance. In irrigated systems, indirect effects will be more important and weed management strategies should be diversified to lessen dependency on herbicides and mechanical control, and be targeted to perennial rhizomatous ($C_3$) weeds. Water-saving production methods that replace a weed-suppressive floodwater layer by intermittent or continuous periods of aerobic conditions necessitate additional weed management strategies to address the inherent increases in weed competition. Thus, climatic conditions have a great effect on weed population dynamics all over the world.
Weed Population Dynamics under Climatic Change
Md. Shahidul Haque Bir,엄민용,Md. Romij Uddin,박태선,강항원,김도순,박기웅 한국잔디학회 2014 Weed & Turfgrass Science Vol.3 No.3
This paper provides some of the scientific background on how projected environmental conditions could affectweeds and weed management in crops. Elevated CO2 levels may have positive effects on crop competitiveness with C4 weeds, butthese are generally outnumbered by C3 species in weed populations. Moreover, higher temperatures and drought will favor C4 overC3 plants. The implementation of climate change adaptation technologies, such as drought-tolerant germplasm and water-savingirrigation regimes, will have consequences for crop–weed competition. Rainfed production systems are thought to be mostvulnerable to the direct effects of climate change and are likely to face increased competition from C4 and parasitic weeds. Bioticstress-tolerant crop cultivars to be developed for these systems should encompass weed competitiveness and parasitic-weedresistance. In irrigated systems, indirect effects will be more important and weed management strategies should be diversified tolessen dependency on herbicides and mechanical control, and be targeted to perennial rhizomatous (C3) weeds. Water-savingproduction methods that replace a weed-suppressive floodwater layer by intermittent or continuous periods of aerobic conditionsnecessitate additional weed management strategies to address the inherent increases in weed competition. Thus, climaticconditions have a great effect on weed population dynamics all over the world.
Growth Response of Weed Species in a Paddy Field under Elevated Temperatures
Md. Shahidul Haque Bir,레티현,원옥재,보보,Farrukh Ruziev,Mirjalol Umurzokov,WeiQiang Jia,윤혜진,Botir Khaitov,박기웅 한국잔디학회 2018 Weed & Turfgrass Science Vol.7 No.4
The present study aimed to investigate the growth response of rice and paddy weeds under varying temperatures created artificially in the phytotron under field condition. Rice ( Oryza sativa L .), three annual ( Ludwigia prostrata, Monochoria vaginalis, and Echinochloa oryzicola ) and three perennial ( Scirpus planiculmis, Eleocharis kuroguwai , and Sagittaria sagittifolia ) paddy weeds were grown under different temperature regimes (ambient, ambient+0.8°C, ambient+1.9°C, and ambient+3.4°C). It was observed that the growth of both rice and paddy weed species increased with the elevation of temperature. However, the growth of weeds was much greater than that of rice under elevated temperature. The shoot dry weight of rice was 8.9%, 13.1%, and 30.4% greater at the ambient+0.8, +1.9 and +3.4℃, respectively compared to the ambient temperature. Among the paddy weed species, L. prostrate exhibited the most significant increased level of both dry weight and leaf area presenting 211.8% and 214.3% higher, respectively at the ambient+3.4℃ than that of the ambient temperature. Growth of E. oryzicola and M. vaginalis were slightly higher compared to the growth of rice under elevated temperature. The growth of perennial weed species of S. sagittifolia exhibited 124.8% higher dry weight at the ambient+3.4℃ than at the ambient. Our findings suggest that elevation temperatures might provide an even greater competitive advantage to weeds with concomitant negative effects on rice production.
Md. Shahidul Islam,Md. Monjurul Islam,Md. Habibur Rahman,Sakina Khanam,Md. Shahidul Haque Bir,Le Thi Hien,Kee Woong Park 한국잡초학회·한국잔디학회 2020 Weed & Turfgrass Science Vol.9 No.3
This study was carried out at the agronomy farm of Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh, Bangladesh, between November 2015 and May 2016, to investigate the weed control on rice growth and yield performance of transplant Binadhan-14 (boro rice). Six selected herbicides (H₁: bensulfuron methyl 4% + acetachlor 14% 18 wettable powder [WP] 500 g·ha<SUP>-1</SUP>, H₂: pyrazosulfuron-ethyl 10 WP 125 g·ha<SUP>-1</SUP>, H₃: metsulfuron-methyl 20 water dispersible granule [WDG] 50 g·ha<SUP>-1</SUP>, H₄: pretilachlor 500 emulsifiable concentrate [EC] 1 L·ha<SUP>-1</SUP>, H5: 2, 4 D amine 480 soluble liquid [SL] 1.8 L·ha<SUP>-1</SUP>, H6: butachlor 5 granule [G] 25 kg·ha<SUP>-1</SUP>) were tested along with two hand weedings. Weed density, fresh and dry weight of weeds were taken from eight weed species (Echinochloa colonum, Paspalums crobiculatum, Monochoria vaginalis, Leersia hexandra, Scirpus mucronatus, Digitaria sanguinalis, Cyperus rotundus and Eclipta alba Hassk) belonging to five families were found to grow in the experimental plots. Among the weed control treatments highest grain yield (5.00 T·ha<SUP>-1</SUP>) was obtained with the treatment pretilachlor 500 EC 1 L·ha<SUP>-1</SUP> followed by two hand weedings (4.97 T·ha<SUP>-1</SUP>). It was observed that yield was increased due to application of herbicide contributed mainly from increasing the yield contributing characteristics of rice like, number of total tillers and effective tillers per plant, filled grains per panicle and 1000-seed weight (g). Maximum benefit- cost ratio with pretilachlor 500 EC 1 L·ha<SUP>-1</SUP> suggested that this herbicidal treatment can be used for effective in controlling weeds as an alternative when labor was crisis in producing for better yield of transplant Binadhan-14 (Oryza sativa) rice cultivar.
Effect of Crop Establishment and Weed Control Method on Productivity of Transplanted aman Rice
Ali, Mohammad,Haque Bir, Md. Shahidul,Rahman, Md. Habibur,Ayesha, Sultana Kaniz,Hoque, Aminul,Harun-Ar-Rashid, Md.,Islam, Md. Rashidul,Park, Kee Woong The Korean Society of Weed ScienceThe Turfgrass So 2018 Weed & Turfgrass Science Vol.7 No.2
This experiment was conducted to find the most suitable crop establishment method and weed management practices for transplanted aman rice in Bangladesh. Rice variety Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) dhan44 was used as planting materials where three crop establishment methods ($T_1$: direct wet seeding by drum seeder; $T_2$: hand broadcasting; $T_3$: transplanting) and four weeding options ($W_1$: Hand weeding (HW); $W_2$: BRRI weeder+HW; $W_3$: Herbicide+HW; and $W_4$: no weeding) were tested. Among the crop establishment methods, the highest grain yield ($5.12t\;ha^{-1}$) was obtained with the $T_3$, while the highest benefit cost ratio (BCR) of 2.08 was found in $T_2$. In case of the weed management method, $W_1$ showed superior results on the plant $density/m^2$ (139.66) at 60 days after transplanting (DAT), grain yield ($4.97t\;ha^{-1}$), and BCR (2.03). On the other hand, the highest plant dry matter (36.20 g) at 60 DAT and the highest yield ($6.10t\;ha^{-1}$) were obtained in a $T_3W_1$ combination. The results of this study show that the productivity of rice during aman season could be most significantly increased with the use of transplanting ($T_3$) alone, hand weeding ($W_1$) alone, or a combination of the two methods ($T_3W_1$).