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Sereti, Irini,Krebs, Shelly J.,Phanuphak, Nittaya,Fletcher, James L.,Slike, Bonnie,Pinyakorn, Suteeraporn,O'Connell, Robert J.,Rupert, Adam,Chomont, Nicolas,Valcour, Victor,Kim, Jerome H.,Robb, Merlin Oxford University Press 2017 Clinical Infectious Diseases Vol. No.
<P>Biomarkers of inflammation, coagulation cascade activation, and fibrosis predict serious non-AIDS during antiretroviral therapy (ART). We found increased biomarker levels in acute human immunodeficiency virus infection. Several did not normalize despite early ART initiation.</P><P> <B> <I>Background.</I> </B> Serious non-AIDS events cause substantial disease and death despite human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) suppression with antiretroviral therapy (ART). Biomarkers of inflammation, coagulation cascade activation, and fibrosis predict these end-organ events. We aimed to determine whether ART initiation during acute HIV infection would attenuate changes in these biomarker levels.</P><P> <B> <I>Methods.</I> </B> Plasma samples were obtained from participants starting ART during acute or chronic HIV infection and from HIV-uninfected participants from Bangkok, Thailand. Biomarkers of inflammation (C-reactive protein [CRP], interleukin 6, soluble interleukin 6 receptor [sIL-6R], soluble gp130, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]), enterocyte turnover (intestinal fatty acid binding protein [I-FABP]), lipopolysaccharide-induced monocyte activation (soluble CD14 [sCD14]), coagulation cascade activation [D-dimer], and fibrosis (hyaluronic acid [HA]) were measured at baseline and through 96 weeks of ART.</P><P> <B> <I>Results.</I> </B> CRP, TNF, sIL-6R, I-FABP, sCD14, D-dimer, and HA levels were elevated in acute HIV infection. Early ART was associated with increased I-FABP levels but normalization of TNF, sIL-6R, and D-dimer levels. CRP, sCD14, and HA levels decreased during ART but remained elevated compared with HIV-uninfected participants. Higher sCD14, CRP, and D-dimer levels were associated with higher peripheral blood mononuclear cell and gut integrated HIV DNA levels. Decreases in sCD14 and CRP levels were correlated with increases in CD4 T-cell counts.</P><P> <B> <I>Conclusions.</I> </B> ART initiated in early acute HIV infection was associated with normalization of the coagulation cascade and several systemic inflammatory biomarkers, but the acute-phase response, enterocyte turnover, monocyte activation, and fibrosis biomarkers remained elevated. Additional interventions to attenuate inflammation may be needed to optimize clinical outcomes in persons with HIV infection.</P>
Charalampos Seretis,Andreas Tsimpoukis,Andreas Georgiakakis,Panagiotis Kitrou,Eleftheria Panteli,Spyros I. Papadoulas 대한혈관외과학회 2022 Vascular Specialist International Vol.38 No.1
Iatrogenic trauma of the axillary artery by non-vascular surgeons can occur during various general surgical procedures such as resection of soft tissue tumors or axillary lymph node clearance. Prompt recognition, appropriate initial management, and rapid transfer to a tertiary vascular surgery service, if needed, are key steps to ensuring patient safety. Here we present a case of iatrogenic axillary artery injury during the resection of a recurrent soft tissue tumor in a local hospital. The desperate application of a Kocher clamp on the bleeding axillary artery by the operating general surgeons controlled the bleeding but led to further arterial damage. The patient was transferred to our tertiary hospital, where the arterial injury was repaired using a vein interposition graft. Apart from the encountered intraoperative technical challenges, this case highlights the need for broader training of nonvascular specialist surgeons on the core principles of basic vascular surgical techniques and oncovascular surgery.