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( Sena Maulana ),( Yuarsa Gumelar ),( Adesna Fatrawana ),( Muhammad Iqbal Maulana ),( Wahyu Hidayat ),( Ihak Sumardi ),( Nyoman Jaya Wistara ),( Seung Hwan Lee ),( Nam Hun Kim ),( Fauzi Febrianto ) 한국목재공학회 2019 목재공학 Vol.47 No.4
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of shelling ratio and resin content on the properties of bamboo oriented strand board (BOSB) from betung (Dendrocalamus asper) and to determine the correlation between the results of dynamic and static bending tests. Strands were steam-treated at 126 ºC for 1 h under 0.14 MPa pressure and followed by washing with 1% NaOH solution. Three-layer BOSB with the core layer perpendicular to the surface was formed with shelling ratios (face:core ratio) of 30:70; 40:60; 50:50; 60:40 and binded with 7% and 8% of phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin with the addition of 1% of wax. The evaluation of physical and mechanical properties of BOSB was conducted in accordance with the JIS A 5908:2003 standard and the results were compared with CSA 0437.0 standard for commercial OSB (Grade O-1). Non-destructive testing was conducted using Metriguard Model 239A Stress Wave Timer which has a wave propagation time from 1 to 9,999 μs and a resolution of 1 μs. BOSB with 8% resin content showed better physical and mechanical properties than those with 7% resin content. The increase of the face layer ratio improved the strength of BOSB in parallel direction to the grain. The results suggested that shelling ratio of 50:50 could be used as a simple way to reduce PF resin requirements from 8% to 7% and to meet the requirements of CSA 0437.0 standard. The results of non-destructive and destructive tests showed a strong correlation, suggesting that non-destructive test can be used to estimate the bending properties of BOSB.
Multilateral Trade Liberalization and Government Revenue
( Sena Kimm Gnangnon ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소(구 세종대학교 국제경제연구소) 2017 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.32 No.3
This paper contributes to the impact of domestic trade liberalization on government revenue by examining whether multilateral trade policy liberalization is important for government revenue. Our empirical analysis uses a panel dataset covering 169 countries from 1995 to 2013 to provide evidence that multilateral trade policy liberalization does have a positive impact on government revenue. However, this impact appears to be dependent upon both countries` level of development and their level of domestic trade policy liberalization. This finding highlights the importance for members of the World Trade Organization to promote multilateral trade liberalization. Further, restrictive domestic trade policies, which could undermine multilateralization efforts, will ultimately weaken the positive impact of multilateral trade liberalization on government revenues.
Protective effect of ginsenoside Re on acute gastric mucosal lesion induced by compound 48/80
Sena Lee,Myung-Gyou Kim,Sung Kwon Ko,Hye Kyung Kim,Kang Hyun Leem,Youn-Jung Kim 고려인삼학회 2014 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.38 No.2
The protective effect of ginsenoside Re, isolated from ginseng berry, against acute gastric mucosal lesionswas examined in rats with a single intraperitoneal injection of compound 48/80 (C48/80). GinsenosideRe (20 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg) was orally administered 0.5 h prior to C48/80 treatment. Ginsenoside Redose-dependently prevented gastric mucosal lesion development 3 h after C48/80 treatment. Increasesin the activities of myeloperoxidase (MPO; an index of neutrophil infiltration) and xanthine oxidase (XO)and the content of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS; an index of lipid peroxidation) anddecreases in the contents of hexosamine (a marker of gastric mucus) and adherent mucus, whichoccurred in gastric mucosal tissues after C48/80 treatment, were significantly attenuated by ginsenosideRe. The elevation of Bax expression and the decrease in Bcl2 expression after C48/80 treatment were alsoattenuated by ginsenoside Re. Ginsenoside Re significantly attenuated all these changes 3 h after C48/80treatment. These results indicate that orally administered ginsenoside Re protects against C48/80-induced acute gastric mucosal lesions in rats, possibly through its stimulatory action on gastric mucussynthesis and secretion, its inhibitory action on neutrophil infiltration, and enhanced lipid peroxidationin the gastric mucosal tissue.
( Sena Maulana ),( Muhammad Iqbal Maulana ),( Marwanto ),( Yuarsa Gumelar ),( Wahyu Hidayat ),( Nyoman Jaya Wistara ),( Ihak Sumardi ),( Fauzi Febrianto ),( Nam Hun Kim ) 한국목재공학회 2019 한국목재공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2019 No.1
The objective of this study was to evaluate the properties of bamboo oriented strand board (BOSB) from betung (Dendrocalamus asper ) bamboo using destructive and non-destructive methods under various shelling ratio and resin content. Strands were vacuum-treated at 126 ºC for 1 h under 0.14 MPa pressure and followed by washing with 1% NaOH solution. Three-layer BOSB (face:core:back) layers with the core layer perpendicular to the surface was formed with 15:70:15; 20:60:20; 25:50:25; 30:40:30 weight ratio and binded with 7 and 8% of phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin with the addition of 1% of wax. The evaluation of physical and mechanical properties of the boards was conducted in accordance with the JIS A 5908:2003 standard and compared with CSA 0437.0 standard for commercial OSB (Grade O-1). The results showed that BOSBs manufactured using 8% resin content with various core-to-face layer ratios had better physical and mechanical properties than using 7% resin content. Increasing core layer ratio increased the strength of BOSBs parallel to the grain. The face:core:back layers ratio of 25:50:25 could be used as a simple way to reduce PF resin requirements from 8% to 7%. Testing of non-destructive mechanical properties in betung BOSB has a high correlation with destructive testing.
Multilateral Trade Liberalization and Economic Growth
( Sena Kimm Gnangnon ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 2018 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.33 No.2
Over the last years, the world has experienced a backlash against trade. It could translate into a strong appeal to trade protectionism, lowering multilateral cooperation and delaying further trade liberalization at both domestic and international level. Against this background, this paper assesses the impact of multilateral trade liberalization on the economic growth rate by using an unbalanced panel dataset comprising 150 countries over the period 1995~2015. Results suggest a strong positive impact of multilateral trade liberalization on economic growth in both entire sample and sub-samples alike.
Man's Journey in Harmony With Nature and his View of God : A Cosmology of Peace
Sena, Lylia Corporal 선문대학교 통일사상연구원 1998 통일사상 연구논총 Vol.4 No.-
It is therefore, the intent of this paper to unwrap the garment of the crisis and unwind the thread like fibers rolled around it to spell out man's journey in harmony with nature while in quest for a new view of his maker.
Tax Reform and Trade Openness in Developing Countries
SENA KIMM GNANGNON 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 2019 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.34 No.3
Developing countries are confronted with the progressive erosion of their trade tax revenue, which then reduces their total tax revenue. In light of the unavoidable process of trade liberalization, such countries have engaged in tax transition reform to change their tax revenue structure in favor of domestic tax revenue. The current analysis uses a measure of tax transition reform (tax reform) to examine whether countries that engage in tax reform experience greater trade openness. The empirical analysis covers 92 developing countries from 1980 to 2014 and shows that tax reform is positively associated with trade openness. Interestingly, least developed countries (LDCs) appear to enjoy a higher effect of tax reform on trade openness than non-LDCs do. This is confirmed by a more general picture that shows how less advanced developing countries enjoy a higher positive effect of tax reform on trade openness than relatively advanced developing countries do.