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Sekine, J.,Kamel, Hossam E.M.,Fadel El-Seed, Abdel Nasir M.A.,Hishinuma, M. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2003 Animal Bioscience Vol.16 No.3
The gas dilution technique was used to evaluate the possibility of estimating the volume of gaseous phase in the rumen from its composition in sheep given rice whole crop silage (RWS) or dent corn silage (DCS) at a level of maintenance (M) or 2 M, and in the course of fasting. The rumen gas composition was determined at 2 and 7.5 h after morning feeding. Nitrogen gas was injected by using an airtight syringe into the rumen immediately after collecting the rumen gas sample as a control. Then rumen gas samples were collected at 5, 10, 20, 40 and 60 min. after injection. Dry-matter intakes were $42g/kg^{0.75}$ and $57g/kg^{0.75}$ for DCS, and $36g/kg^{0.75}$ and $59g/kg^{0.75}$ for RWS, at 1 M and 2 M levels, respectively. Animals ingested both silages about 20% less than expected at 2 M level. The rumen gas composition did not differ significantly between 2 h and 7.5 h after feeding except for $N_2$. Content of $CO_2$ in gas composition was significantly higher at 2 M level than at 1 M (p<0.05) for both RWS and DCS, whereas $CH_4$ showed no significant difference between feeding levels. At both feeding levels, $CO_2$ showed a higher (p<0.05) percentage in DCS than RWS. A dilution technique by using $N_2$ injection is not appropriate for the determination of gas production in vivo, unless the rate of rumen gas turnover is considered. Changes in composition at fasting indicate that the rumen fermentation may reach the lowest level after 72 h fasting for sheep given silage as their sole diet.
Sick House/Building Syndrome in JAPAN -Current Status and Practical Research on Indoor Air Quality-
Sekine Yoshika Korean Society of Environmental Health 2005 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.31 No.3
Many Japanese today are suffering from health disorders related to their living environment, such as allergies and hypersensitivity to chemical substances. The Sick House/Building Syndrome has been a serious problem since 1996, due to low level exposure to hazardous chemicals such as formaldehyde and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted in airtight houses. This paper aims to show current status of the syndrome in Japan and practical researches to promote prevention of, and improvement to indoor air pollution due to chemicals.
Sekine, J.,Kamel, Hossam E.M.,El-Seed, Abdel Nasir M.A. Fadel,Hishinuma, M. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2003 Animal Bioscience Vol.16 No.8
The conditions of measurement for the determination of bulk density were evaluated to assess the bulkiness of 8 kinds of forage. The bulkiness of the forages was determined with 4 different sizes of forage samples with 7 different pressure application under air-dry and wet conditions. The dry bulk density (DBD) curvilinearly regressed with the pressure applied. The particle size of the samples and kinds of forage used in the present study did not affect changes in values of DBD determined under pressures over $20g/cm^2$ up to $200g/cm^2$. The values of the wet bulk density (WBD) increased as an increment of particle size, but were not always regressed on the particle size of the 8 kinds of forage. The DBD determined on 8 mm particles showed a higher correlation coefficient with neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents. The DBD may be a useful tool for the assessment of NDF in forage, when it is determined under condition of a pressure of $100g/cm^2$ or over with a particle size of 8 mm. The WBD may not be utilized for the direct measurement of the physical characteristics of forage, but may be required a thorough consideration on water solubility of forages. Further studies are needed to clarify the DBD contribution to the prediction of forage intake by ruminants.
EFFECT OF TIME AFTER FEEDING ON DISTRIBUTION OF DIGESTA IN THE GASTRO-INTESTINAL TRACTS OF SHEEP
Sekine, J.,Oura, R.,Miyazaki, H.,Okamoto, M.,Asahida, Y. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1991 Animal Bioscience Vol.4 No.1
To determine effect of time after feeding on distribution of digesta in the gastro-intestinal tracts of sheep given orchardgrass hay once a day, a total of fifteen ewes (mean live weight $51{\pm}12kg$) were slaughtered at 2, 8, 16 and 24 hours after feeding. Contents in the reticulo-rumen, omasum, abomasums, small intestine, cecum, and colon and rectum were totally collected and weighed. Weights of digesta in the reticulo-rumen were about 6 kg which contributed about 75% of the total in the whole tracts. Digesta on dry-matter basis totaled about 1 kg. The dry-matter concentration of digesta in the whole digestive tract was about 107 h/kg of fresh digesta. Distribution of moisture in the digestive tract changed in parallel with that of fresh digesta. There was no significant correlation observed between time after feeding and weights of digesta in the gastro-intestinal tracts. While, feed intake significantly correlated with digesta in the reticulo-rumen, cecum and whole tracts (p<0.01). Thus, time after feeding was inferred to have no influence upon the content of digesta in the digestive tract, but feed intake influenced on the content of digesta in the digestive tract at a low level of feeding.
Sekine, J.,Tamura, S.,Teraishi, T.,Oura, R. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1992 Animal Bioscience Vol.5 No.1
Bovine drumstick of neutrophil leucocytes was studied on the quantitative and morphological characteristics and was evaluated as a diagnostic measure for bovine freemartin in newborn calves. Nuclear area of neutrophil (A, ${\mu}m^2$) and drumstick area (B, ${\mu}m^2$) were significantly correlated with average diameter of drumstick (ADD, ${\mu}m$) and following regression equations were obtained : $A=45({\pm}3)$ ADD-8, r = 0.74, $s.e.{\pm}0.6$, p < 0.01, $B=1.72({\pm}0.05)$ ADD-0.98, r = 0.93, $s.e.{\pm}0.1$, p < 0.01 Eight female siblings of heterosexual multiplets were diagnosed as freemartin from the results of chromosome analysis. Heterosexual multiplets had a very low frequency of drumstick in the nucleus of neutrophils irrespective of genetic sex. Diameters of drumstick fund in freemartin and male cotwin did not differ from those of normal cows. Examinations of drumstick in 800 neutrophils for both female and male siblings are concluded to be the best way to aid the detection of freemartinism of heterosexual twins at early life.
Sekine, J.,Oura, R.,Asahida, Y. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1992 Animal Bioscience Vol.5 No.1
Formula feed for fattening cattle ground through 2 mm screen was incubated in the rumen of sheep and goats to evaluate effects of ratio of concentrate to hay and kinds of hay in a ration on determining the degradability (dg) value of protein using in sacco technique. Following results were obtained: 1) Residual dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) of formula feed decreased as the time of incubation increased. Regression analyses showed that rates of degradation of DM and CP in the rumen were not the same when they were determined under feeding of rations with different percentages of concentrate. 2) Rate of passage of digesta from the rumen differed between feeding of Italian ryegrass hay ration and that of alfalfa hay ration, but was not influenced by the percentage of concentrate in a ration. 3) The dg value was different when it was estimated with results obtained from determinations under feeding of Italian ryegrass hay ration or that of alfalfa hay ration. The percentage of concentrate in a ration had no influence on the dg value of protein in formula feed.
Sekine, J.,Imaki, Y.,Kuninishi, Y.,Oura, R.,Miyazaki, H.,Okamoto, M.,Asahida, Y. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1992 Animal Bioscience Vol.5 No.1
To determine the effect of time after feeding on distribution of particle size of digesta in the gastrointestinal tract, 16 sheep given orchardgrass first cut hay were slaughtered at 2, 8, 16 and 24 hours after feeding and digesta in diverse sites of the tract were sieved into four fractions of particle size larger than $1180{\mu}m$, 300-1180, 45-300 and less than 45. Following results were obtained: 1) In the reticulo-rumen, the proportion of particles larger than $1180{\mu}m$ decreased with the time after feeding, while the other particle size fractions did not change with time after feeding. 2) In the post-ruminal alimentary tract, the proportion of particles larger than $1180{\mu}m$ was significantly smaller than that in the reticulo-rumen and distribution of fractions of every particle size stayed consistently at about the same level irrespective of the time after feeding. 3) In the cecum, the fraction of particle size less than $45{\mu}m$ appeared to be selectively retained when the passage rate was considered.
Variation in the Main Kuroshio Path South of Japan
Sekine, Yoshihiko The Korean Society of Oceanography 2002 Journal of the Korean Society of Oceanography Vol.37 No.3
The time variation in the Kuroshio is studied by use of nine observed distances of the main Kuroshio axis from the Japanese coast. The observed distances over 1975 - 1995 are estimated from the Prompt Report of Oceanographic Conditions published by Hydrographic Department of the Maritime Safety Agency of Japan. It is shown that large sea level difference between Naze and Nishinoomote, which represents the volume transport of the southern inflow south of Kyushu, coincides with larger distance of the Kuroshio in the upstream area from off Kyushu to off eastern Kii Peninsula and smaller distance in the downstream area from off Omae-zaki to off Boso Peninsula. In contrast, large sea level difference between Nishinoomote and Aburatsu, which represents the volume transport of northern inflow south of Kyushu, corresponds to smaller distance in the upstream area and larger distance in the downstream area. Path dynamics of the Kuroshio is discussed with reference to the variation in Volume transport south of Kyushu.