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Oh, Sei Yeul,Choi, Jong-Sun,Kim, Eo-Jin,Chuck, Roy S.,Park, Choul Yong Molecular Vision 2010 Molecular vision Vol.16 No.-
<P><B>Purpose</B></P><P>To evaluate the role of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in the wound healing process following severe chemical burns to the ocular surface.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>Chemical burning of the ocular surface was induced in mice (C57BL/6) via the application of 0.1 M NaOH. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (<I>MIF</I>), tumor necrosis factor-α (<I>TNF-α</I>), and interleukin-1β (<I>IL-1β</I>) mRNA expression in the ocular surface and lacrimal gland was evaluated via real-time reverse transcription PCR on days 2, 7, and 30 after induction of the chemical burn. The expression of MIF protein in the ocular surface and lacrimal gland was evaluated via western blot analysis. Immunohistochemical staining was conducted to detect MIF and vasculoendothelial growth factor in the cornea during the wound healing process. The angiogenic role of MIF was further evaluated using an 8–0 polyglactin suture technique to induce corneal neovascularization.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P><I>MIF</I>, <I>TNF-α</I>, and <I>IL-1β</I> mRNA expression were elevated significantly in the ocular surface up to day 30 after chemical burn induction. <I>TNF-α</I> alone was elevated in the lacrimal gland. MIF protein elevation was confirmed via western blot analysis, and the spatial similarity of MIF and VEGF expression in the cornea was noted during the wound healing process. 8–0 polyglactin sutures soaked in MIF induced significantly higher numbers of new vessels on the mouse cornea after 7 days (p=0.003, Mann–Whitney test).</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>These findings indicate that MIF performs a crucial role in wound healing on the ocular surface after the induction of chemical burns.</P>
Measurement of angle kappa and centration in refractive surgery
Park, Choul Yong,Oh, Sei Yeul,Chuck, Roy S. Lippincott Williams Wilkins, Inc. 2012 Current opinion in ophthalmology Vol.23 No.4
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Consideration of angle kappa is important for correct centration of refractive treatments. Decentered refractive treatment can cause photic phenomena including glare, halo, and deterioration of vision. This review highlights the concept of angle kappa, its measurement and distribution in normal populations, and the methods to compensate for large angle kappa in refractive surgery using laser or intraocular lenses (IOLs). RECENT FINDINGS: Determination of the treatment center is very important in refractive surgery. Moving the ablation center from the center of the entrance pupil to points near visual axis, such as the corneal light reflex (line of sight) or corneal vertex normal, results in less induction of higher order aberrations (including coma aberration) and either the same or better visual outcomes both in hyperopic and myopic eyes when compared to laser ablation centered on the entrance pupil. Decentration of multifocal IOLs can result in deterioration of postoperative visual function with induction of higher order aberrations. The occurrence of photic phenomena positively correlated with preoperative values of angle kappa. SUMMARY: There is a growing body of evidence that emphasizes the consideration of angle kappa in refractive surgery. Ignoring angle kappa may sometimes result in decentered treatment and aggravation of visual symptoms. Compensation for angle kappa is important for optimal correction of refractive error by either laser ablation or IOLs, especially for hyperopes and any eyes with large angle kappa.