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Benchmark Results on the Linearized Equations of Motion of an Uncontrolled Bicycle
A.L. Schwab,J.P. Meijaard,J.M. Papadopoulos 대한기계학회 2005 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.19 No.1S
In this paper we present the lineanzed equations of motion for a bicycle as a benchmark The results obtained by pencil-and-paper and two programs are compared The bicycle model we consider here consists of four rigid bodies, viz a rear frame, a front frame being the front fork and handlebar assembly, a rear wheel and a front wheel, which are connected by revolute Joints<br/> The contact between the knife-edge wheels and the flat level surface is modelled by holonomic constraints In the normal direction and by non-holonomic constraints In the longitudinal and lateral direction The rider is rigidly attached to the rear frame With hands free from the hand-lebat This system has these degrees of freedom, the roll, the steer, and the forward speed For the benchmark we consider the linear Ized equations for small perturbations of the upright steady forward motion The entries of the matrices of these equations form the basis for comparison Three diffrent kinds of methods to obtain the results are compared pencil-and-paper, the numeric multibody dynamics program SPACAR, and the symbolic software system Autosim Because the results of the three methods are the same within the machine round-off error, we assume that the results are correct and can be used as a bicycle dynamics benchmark<br/>
Reciprocal changes in cervical spine alignment after corrective thoracolumbar deformity surgery.
Ha, Yoon,Schwab, Frank,Lafage, Virginie,Mundis, Gregory,Shaffrey, Christopher,Smith, Justin,Bess, Shay,Ames, Christopher Springer-Verlag 2014 European spine journal Vol.23 No.3
<P>To identify changes in cervical alignment parameters following surgical correction of thoracolumbar deformity and then assess the preoperative parameters which induce changes in cervical alignment following corrective thoracolumbar deformity surgery.</P>
Intracranial Pressure and Experimental Model of Diffuse Brain Injury in Rats
Blaha, Martin,Schwab, Juraj,Vajnerova, Olga,Bednar, Michal,Vajner, Ludek,Michal, Tichy The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2010 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.47 No.1
Objective: In this study, we present a simple closed head injury model as a two-stage experiment. The height of the weight drop enables gradation of head trauma severity. Methods: The head injury device consists of three parts and there are three adjustable parameters-weight (100-600 g). height of fall (5-100 cm) and elasticity of the springs. Thirty male Wistar rats underwent monitoring of intracranial pressure with and without induction of the head injury. Results: The weight drop from 45 to 100 cm led to immediate seizure activity and early death of the experimental animals. Severe head injury was induced from 40 cm weight drop. There was 50% mortality and all surviving rats had behavioral deterioration. Intracranial pressure was 9.3${\pm}$3.76 mmHg. Moderate head injury was induced from 35 cm, mortality decreased to 20-40%, only half of the animals showed behavioral pathology and intracranial pressure was 7.6${\pm}$3.54 mmHg. Weight drop from 30 cm caused mild head injury without mortality and neurological deterioration. Intracranial pressure was slightly higher compared to sham group- 5.5${\pm}$0.74 mmHg and 2.9${\pm}$0.81 mmHg respectively. Conclusion: This model is an eligible tool to create graded brain injury with stepwise intracranial pressure elevation.
Typhoon-generated microseisms observed from the short-period KSRS array
이우동,조봉곤,Fred Schwab,Sat-Byul Jung 한국지질과학협의회 2012 Geosciences Journal Vol.16 No.4
The seismic-noise data recorded on 19 vertical-component short-period seismometers of the KSRS seismic array are analyzed (1) to determine whether typhoons in the Pacific Ocean can be tracked accurately, and (2) to explore the seismic phases comprising the noise field recorded at the array. For our tests, two super typhoons, Sinlaku and Rammasun of 2008, were selected on the basis of their strength and wide azimuthal coverage from the seismic array. To track the source of DF microseisms, f-k analysis was applied to the KSRS data to estimate the back azimuth of the 0.2–0.7 Hz noise field (DF microseisms). These computed back azimuths show good agreement with the known values to the centers of the NW Pacific typhoons. This clearly indicates that these typhoons were the main source of microseisms during their passing. The seismic phases in our DF microseism band are investigated with the phase velocities from our f-k analysis. The estimated horizontal phase velocities range from 3.2 to 3.8 km/s, with an average of about 3.5 km/s. This indicates that the major phases of the observed DF microseisms are surface waves consisting of mostly P-SV Mode 1 and Mode 2—in amplitude ratio A1/A2=1/3—and possibly some Mode 3.
( Michael Zock ),( Didier Schwab ) 서울대학교 인지과학연구소 2011 Journal of Cognitive Science Vol.12 No.3
Natural language production requires both a grammar and a lexicon. In this article, we deal only with the latter, trying to enhance an existing electronic resource to allow for search via navigation in a huge associative network. Our primary focus is on the structure of the lexicon (i.e. its indexing scheme). This issue has often been overlooked, yet it is crucial, as it determines to a large extent the chances of finding the word a language user (speaker/writer) is looking for. While researchers working on natural language generation (NLG) have given a lot of thought to lexicalization (i.e. the mapping of meanings to forms), lexical access has received no attention at all. Lexicalization is generally considered to be only a choice problem, the assumption being that stored data can always be accessed. While this may hold for machines, it does not always hold for people, as is well attested by the "tip-of-the-tongue" problem. A speaker may know a word, yet still be unable to access it. However, even machines may experience access problems. We illustrate this last point via a small experiment, showing how a well-known lexical resource (Word Net) may fail to reveal information (words) it contains. Additionally, in this article we show how a lexicon might be organized or indexed to allow language users to find the words they are looking for quickly and naturally.
Improved assessment of frozen/thawed mouse spermatozoa using fluorescence microscopy
Ann-Kathrin Diercks,Heinrich F. Bürgers,Anna Schwab,Johannes Schenkel 대한수의학회 2012 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.13 No.3
Genetically modified (GM) animals are unique mutants with an enormous scientific potential. Cryopreservation of pre-implantation embryos or spermatozoa is a common approach for protecting these lines from being lost or to store them in a repository. A mutant line can be taken out of a breeding nucleus only if sufficient numbers of samples with an appropriate level of quality are cryopreserved. The quality of different donors within the same mouse line might be heterogeneous and the cryopreservation procedure might also be error-prone. However, only limited amounts of material are available for analysis. To improve the monitoring of frozen/thawed spermatozoa, commonly used in vitro fertilization (IVF) followed by embryo transfer were replaced with animal-free techniques. Major factors for assessing spermatozoa quality (i.e., density, viability, motility, and morphology) were evaluated by fluorescence microscopy. For this, a live/dead cell staining protocol requiring only small amounts of material was created. Membrane integrity was then examined as major parameter closely correlated with successful IVF. These complex analyses allow us to monitor frozen/thawed spermatozoa from GM mice using a relatively simple staining procedure. This approach leads to a reduction of animal experiments and contributes to the 3R principles (replacement, reduction and refinement of animal experiments).