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Untold story about why King Sejong invented the Korean alphabet
JUNG, Sanggyu Korea Koreanology Association 2022 Journal of Koreanology Reviews Vol.1 No.1
HunMinJeongEum, meaning "the right sound to teach the people," was created in 1443 CE by King Sejong the Great, the fourth king of the Joseon Dynasty. In today's modern language, this letter, called Hangeul, is internationally recognized for its linguistic science. However, it is hard to find a comprehensive study on the fact that King Sejong himself created Hangeul, the Confucian perspective on natural disasters and democracy revealed in the process of writing, the independent efforts emphasized from a certain period, and the achievements of King Sejong, who shared the sorrow of the people and carried out national policies despite the extreme opposition of the nobility. Accordingly, I analyzed the consonants of HunMinJeongEum and looked at the essence of humanity and oriental philosophy (Yin-Yang Five Elements, Sangsu Philosophy, Hado). Surprisingly, different meanings from previous studies and interpretations were found, and King Sejong's "Da Vinci Code," which was left behind in the process of making the consonant, is reinterpreted and revealed. King Sejong's achievements were all connected as one. This is the root of democracy in the Republic of Korea today, and this is why King Sejong was selected as the most beloved and respected historical figure by the Korean people. This study will start with more people's understanding of the fundamental perception and philosophy of the world in Asia, including Korea, to reinterpret and reveal the hardships and great achievements experienced by a leader of a country in the process of creating korean alphabet, and to emphasize democracy, which is an important value for Asians and Westerners' mutual respect and co-prosperity.
Untold story about why King Sejong invented the Korean alphabet
Sanggyu JUNG KODISA(한국한류학회) 2022 한류연구 Vol.1 No.1
HunMinJeongEum, meaning "the right sound to teach the people," was created in 1443 CE by King Sejong the Great, the fourth king of the Joseon Dynasty. In today's modern language, this letter, called Hangeul, is internationally recognized for its linguistic science. However, it is hard to find a comprehensive study on the fact that King Sejong himself created Hangeul, the Confucian perspective on natural disasters and democracy revealed in the process of writing, the independent efforts emphasized from a certain period, and the achievements of King Sejong, who shared the sorrow of the people and carried out national policies despite the extreme opposition of the nobility. Accordingly, I analyzed the consonants of HunMinJeongEum and looked at the essence of humanity and oriental philosophy (Yin-Yang Five Elements, Sangsu Philosophy, Hado). Surprisingly, different meanings from previous studies and interpretations were found, and King Sejong's "Da Vinci Code," which was left behind in the process of making the consonant, is reinterpreted and revealed. King Sejong's achievements were all connected as one. This is the root of democracy in the Republic of Korea today, and this is why King Sejong was selected as the most beloved and respected historical figure by the Korean people. This study will start with more people's understanding of the fundamental perception and philosophy of the world in Asia, including Korea, to reinterpret and reveal the hardships and great achievements experienced by a leader of a country in the process of creating korean alphabet, and to emphasize democracy, which is an important value for Asians and Westerners' mutual respect and co-prosperity.
Defects in the Vestibular Systems in the Circling Mouse
Mi Jung Shin,Jeong-Han Lee,Dong Hoon Yu,Bong Soo Kim,Hei Jung Kim,Nam-Seob Lee,Young-Gil Jeong,Channy Park,Byung-Hwa Hyun,Sanggyu Lee,Hong-Seob So,Raekil Park,Zae Young Ryoo 한국실험동물학회 2008 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.24 No.3
We have identified deafness of circling mice because of its inner ear abnormalities; degenerated cochlea and reduced cellularity in the spiral limbus. Circling mice become hyperactive at approximately 7 days of age and then begin to exhibit circling behavior. The circling behavior of circling mice might be highly correlated with the vestibular system. The inspection of the epithelia and ganglion neurons in vestibule revealed mild abnormalities: some hair cells in the ampulla tended to have longer stereocilia and the numbers of ganglion cells were remarkably reduced compared to heterozygous mice. The reduced cell density in the vestibular neurons is thought to be the main reason for the phenotypic abnormalities. The circling mutant cerebellum is grossly normal, with characteristic lobulation and lamination in cresylvioletstained sections. The thickness of the granular layer, distributions of stellate cells and basket cells, and morphology of Purkinje cells of the circling homozygous mutant were normal. This suggests that the abnormal behavior of the circling (cir/cir) mouse is not the results of the morphological defects in the cerebellum.
Spatiotemporal Expression of tmie in the Inner Ear of Rats during Postnatal Development.
Shin, Mi Jung,Lee, Jeong-Han,Yu, Dong Hoon,Kim, Hye Jung,Bae, Ki Beom,Yuh, Hyung Soo,Kim, Myoung Ok,Hyun, Byung-Hwa,Lee, Sanggyu,Park, Raekil,Ryoo, Zae Young American Association for Laboratory Animal Science 2010 Comparative medicine Vol.60 No.4
<P>The circling (cir/cir) mouse is a murine model for human nonsyndromic deafness DFNB6. Transmembrane inner ear (tmie) is the causative gene and its mutation through deletion of a 40-kilobase genomic region including tmie leads to deafness. The function of Tmie is unknown. To better understand the function of Tmie, we focused on the spatiotemporal expression of tmie in the rat cochlea by using a Tmie-specific antibody. Results showed that tmie expression was prominent in early postnatal rat cochleas in the stereocilia bundles of hair cells. The Tmie signal spread from the stereocilia to the hair cell body region and on to organ of Corti cells. No Tmie signal was observed in cell nuclei; Tmie was localized to the cytoplasm. Because Tmie is predicted to have 1 or 2 transmembrane domains, we postulate that it is localized to membrane-based organelles or the plasma membrane. Our results imply that Tmie exists in the cytoplasm and may have a key role in the maturation and structure of stereocilia bundles in developing hair cells. After hair cell maturation, Tmie is thought to be involved in the maintenance of organ of Corti cells.</P>
Regulation of mesenchymal signaling in palatal mucosa differentiation
Neupane, Sanjiv,Adhikari, Nirpesh,Jung, Jae-Kwang,An, Chang-Hyeon,Lee, Sanggyu,Jun, Jong-Hwa,Kim, Ji-Youn,Lee, Youngkyun,Sohn, Wern-Joo,Kim, Jae-Young Springer-Verlag 2018 Histochemistry and cell biology Vol.149 No.2
<P>Epithelial differentiation is thought to be determined by mesenchymal components during embryogenesis. In mice, palatal mucosa showed the region-specific keratinization pattern along antero-posterior axis. However, developmental mechanisms involved in oral mucosa differentiation with fine tuning of keratinization are not elucidated yet. To reveal this developmental mechanism, first, we conducted tissue recombination assay of the palate at E16 for 2 days which revealed that epithelial differentiation with specific localization of CK10 is modulated by mesenchymal components. Based on the results, we propose that mesenchymal signaling would determine the presumptive fate of developing palatal epithelium in spatiotemporal manner. Genome-wide screening analysis using laser micro-dissection to collect spatiotemporal specific molecules between anterior and posterior palate suggested Meox2 in the posterior mesenchymal tissue to be a candidate regulator controlling epithelial differentiation. To examine the detailed spatiotemporal function of Meox2, we employed in vitro organ cultivation with the loss- and gain-of-function studies at E14.5 for 2 and 4 days, respectively. Our results suggest that posteriorly expressed Meox2 modulates non-keratinized epithelial differentiation through complex signaling regulations in mice palatogenesis.</P>
Reciprocal interactions of Fgf10/Fgfr2b modulate the mouse tongue epithelial differentiation.
Sohn, Wern-Joo,Jung, Hye-In,Choi, Min-A,Han, Jin-Hyun,Gwon, Gi-Jeong,Yamamoto, Hitoshi,Lee, Sanggyu,Ryoo, Zae Young,Park, Eui-Kyun,Shin, Hong-In,Jung, Han-Sung,Kim, Jae-Young Springer 2011 Cell and tissue research Vol.345 No.2
<P>The molecular mechanisms for epithelial differentiation have been studied by observing skin development in embryogenesis, but the early signaling modulations involved in tongue epithelial differentiation are not completely understood. Based on the gene expression patterns of the Fgf signaling molecules and previous results from Fgf10 and Fgfr2b knockout mice, it was hypothesized that there would be fundamental signaling interactions through the epithelial Fgfr2b and its mesenchymal ligand Fgf10 to regulate tongue epithelium differentiation. To elucidate these reciprocal interactions in tongue epithelial differentiation, this study employed an in vitro tongue organ culture system with antisense-oligodeoxynucleotides (AS-ODNs) and recombinant protein-soaked bead implantation for the loss-of-function and gain-of-function studies. Functional analysis of Fgf signaling revealed precise reciprocal interactions, which showed that mesenchymal Fgf10 rather than Fgf7 modulates tongue epithelial differentiation via Fgfr2b in a temporal- and spatial-specific manner.</P>