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Metal Surface Treatment Effects on Screen Printed Silicon Solar Cells
K.Chakrabarty,D.Mangalaraj,김경해,S.K.Dhungel,J.H.Park,이준신,S.N.Singh 한국전기전자재료학회 2003 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.4 No.4
High series resistance due to the presence of glass frit is one of the major problems for screen printed silicon solar cells. Cells having electrical parameters below the prescribed values are usually rejected during solar module fabrication. Therefore, it is highly desirable to improve the electrical parameters of the silicon solar cells and thereby to increase the overall production yield. It was observed that, the performance of low quality mono-crystalline silicon solar cells made by standard screen printing technology could be improved remarkably by novel surface treatment. We have chemically treated the surface using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and silver nitrate (AgNO3) solutions. NaOH treatment helps to reduce the series resistance by decreasing the presence of excess glass frit on the top silver grid contact. The AgNO3 treatment is used to reduce the series resistance comes from the deposition of silver on the grids by filling the holes present (if any) within the grid pattern.
Metal Surface Treatment Effects on Screen Printed Silicon Solar Cells
Chakrabarty K.,Mangalaraj D.,Kim K. H.,Dhungel S. K.,Park J. H.,Singh S. N. The Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic 2003 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.4 No.4
High series resistance due to the presence of glass frit is one of the major problems for screen printed silicon solar cells. Cells having electrical parameters below the prescribed values are usually rejected during solar module fabrication. Therefore, it is highly desirable to improve the electrical parameters of the silicon solar cells and thereby to increase the overall production yield. It was observed that, the performance of low quality mono-crystalline silicon solar cells made by standard screen printing technology could be improved remarkably by novel surface treatment. We have chemically treated the surface using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and silver nitrate ($AgNO_3$) solutions. NaOH treatment helps to reduce the series resistance by decreasing the presence of excess glass frit on the top silver grid contact. The $AgNO_3$ treatment is used to reduce the series resistance comes from the deposition of silver on the grids by filling the holes present (if any) within the grid pattern.
Current Status of Layer Transfer Process in Thin Silicon Solar Cell : a review
U. Gangopadhyay,K. Chakrabarty,S.K. Dhungel,Kim, Kyung-Hae,Yi, Jun-Sin,D. Majumdar,H. Saha The Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic 2004 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.5 No.2
Layer transfer process has emerged as a promising tool in the field of thin silicon solar cell technology. This process can use mono-crystalline silicon as a surface for the epitaxial growth of a thin layer of silicon. It requires some sort of surface conditioning of the substrate due to which the surface become suitable for homo-epitaxy and lift off after solar cell fabrication. The successful reuse of substrate has been reported. The use of the conditioned surface without any kind of epitaxial layer growth is also the issue to be addressed. This review paper basically describes the five most cost effective methods on which works are in progress. Several types of possible problems envisaged by different research groups are also incorporated here with necessary discussion. Work in Korea has already started in this area in collaboration IC Design and Fabrication Centre, Jadavpur University, India and that also has been mentioned.
Gangopadhyay, U,Dhungel, S K,Kim, K,Manna, U,Basu, P K,Kim, H J,Karunagaran, B,Lee, K S,Yoo, J S,Yi, J Institute of Physics 2005 Semiconductor science and technology Vol.20 No.9
<P>Multi-crystalline silicon surface etching without grain-boundary delineation is a challenging task for the fabrication of high efficiency solar cells. The use of sodium hydroxide–sodium hypochlorite (NaOH–NaOCl) solution for texturing a multi-crystalline silicon wafer surface in a solar cell fabrication line is reported in this paper. The optimized etching solution of NaOH–NaOCl does not have any effect on multi-crystalline silicon grain boundaries and it also has excellent isotropic etch characteristics, which ultimately helps to achieve higher values of performance parameters, especially the open circuit voltage (<I>V</I><SUB>oc</SUB>) and fill factor (FF), than those in the case of conventional silicon texturing. Easy control over the reaction of the NaOH–NaOCl solution is also one of the major advantages due to which sophistication in controlling the temperature of the etching bath is not required for the industrial batch process. The FTIR analysis of the silicon surface after etching with the current approach shows the formation of Si–Cl bonds, which improves the quality of the diffused junction due to chlorine gettering during diffusion. We are the first to report 14–14.5% efficiency of very large area (150 mm ? 150 mm) multi-crystalline silicon solar cells using a NaOH–NaOCl texturing approach in an industrial production line with a yield greater than 95%.</P>
Bifacial Silicon Solar Cells with Spin-on Doping and Electroless Plating
U. Gangopadhyay,김경해,S. K. Dhungel,D. Mangalaraj,J. H. Park,이준신 한국전기전자재료학회 2004 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.5 No.1
A new method for fabrication of transistor like structure of the bifacial solar cell using spin-on doping and electroless plating has been proposed and the basic characteristics of the bifacial cell have been investigated. It is found that 9% increase in short circuit current is achieved with bifacial connection than the unifacial connection. Some unwanted effect of the series resistance on collection efficiency under different mode of illumination has been pointed out. Loss mechanisms inherent in the transistor like bifacial structure have also been discussed.
Niraula, M.,Adhikari, S.,Lee, D.Y.,Kim, E.K.,Yoon, S.J.,Dhungel, S.K.,Lee, W.,Shrestha, N.K.,Han, S.H. North Holland ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2014 Chemical physics letters Vol.593 No.-
Self-organized Titania nanotubes grown on a titanium foil by anodization is loaded with Ag<SUB>3</SUB>PO<SUB>4</SUB> using successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction method. The hybrid heterojunction nanostructure film thus prepared is investigated for visible light induced photocatalytic decomposition of azo-dye and compared with the bulk Ag<SUB>3</SUB>PO<SUB>4</SUB> film deposited on a Ti-substrate. The results demonstrate that the hybrid heterostructure exhibits much better photocatalytic performance due to the higher photostability.
Biracial Silicon Solar Cells with Spin-on Doping and Electroless Plating
U. Gangopadhyay,Kim, Kyung-Hae,S.K. Dhungel,D. Mangalaraj,Park, J.H.,J. Yi The Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic 2004 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.5 No.1
A new method for fabrication of transistor like structure of the bifacial solar cell using spin-on doping and electroless plating has been proposed and the basic characteristics of the bifacial cell have been investigated. It is found that 9% increase in short circuit current is achieved with bifacial connection than the unifacial connection. Some unwanted effect of the series resistance on collection efficiency under different mode of illumination has been pointed out. Loss mechanisms inherent in the transistor like bifacial structure have also been discussed.
U. Gangopadhyay,Kim, Kyung-Hea,S.K. Dhungel,D. Mangalaraj,Park, J.H.,J. Yi The Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic 2004 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.5 No.1
Zinc sulfide is a semiconductor with wide band gap and high refractive index and hence promising material to be used as ARC on commercial silicon solar cells. Uniform deposition of zinc sulfide (ZnS) by using chemical bath deposition (CBD) method over a large area of silicon surface is an emerging field of research because ZnS film can be used as a low cost antireflection coating (ARC). The main problem of the CBD bath process is the huge amount of precipitation that occurs during heterogeneous reaction leading to hamper the rate of deposition as well as uniformity and chemical stoichiometry of deposited film. Molar concentration of thiorea plays an important role in varying the percentage of reflectance and refractive index of as-deposited CBD ZnS film. Desirable rate of film deposition (19.6 ${\AA}$ / min), film uniformity (Std. dev. < 1.8), high value of refractive index (2.35), low reflectance (0.655) have been achieved with proper optimization of ZnS bath. Decrease in refractive index of CBD ZnS film due to high temperature treatment in air ambiance has been pointed out in this paper. Solar cells of conversion efficiency 13.8 % have been successfully achieved with a large area (103 mm ${\times}$ 103 mm) mono-crystalline silicon wafers by using CBD ZnS antireflection coating in this modified approach.
Hyunmin Kim,이준신,정동근,Hyungjun Park,S. K. Dhungel,Sunyoung Sohn 한국물리학회 2007 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.51 No.3
In this work, impedance spectroscopy analysis was used to study the effects of plasma treatment on the surface of indium-tin oxide (ITO) anodes using CF4, O2 and Ar gases and to model an equivalent circuit for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). The devices with an ITO/TPD/Alq3/LiF/Al structure could be modeled as a simple combination of resistors and capacitors. For modifications of the ITO surface, the samples were treated in an inductively-coupled tubular reactor system. The OLEDs fabricated on plasma-treated ITO anodes showed a lower impedance and a higher capacitance. The changes in the impedance and the capacitance were attributed to removal of contaminants and to changes in the work function of ITO. The impedance spectroscopy analysis showed that the devices with plasma-treated ITO anodes had different values of the contact resistance (RC), the parallel resistance (RP ) and the parallel capacitance (CP ).
U. Gangopadhyay,Kim, Kyung-Hae,S.K. Dhungel,D. Mangalaraj,Park, J.H.,J. Yi The Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic 2003 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.4 No.5
A low-cost, large area, random, maskless texturing scheme independent of crystal orientation is expected to have significant impact on terrestrial photovoltaic technology. We investigated silicon surface microstructures formed by reactive ion etching (R IE) in Multi-Hollow cathode system. Desirable texturing effect has been achieved when radio-frequency (rf) power of about 20 Watt per one hollow cathode glow is applied for our RF Multi -Hollow cathode system. The black silicon etched surface shows almost zero reflectance in the visible region as well as in near IR region. The etched silicon surface is covered by columnar microstructures with diameters from 50 to 100 nm and depth of about 500 nm. We have successfully achieved 11.7 % efficiency of mono-crystalline silicon solar cell and 10.2 % for multi-crystalline silicon solar cell.