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Shin, S.K.,Kim, W.I.,Jeon, T.W.,Kang, Y.Y.,Jeong, S.K.,Yeon, J.M.,Somasundaram, S. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2013 Journal of hazardous materials Vol.260 No.-
Ministry of Environment, Republic of Korea (South Korea) is in progress of converting its current hazardous waste classification system to harmonize it with the international standard and to set-up the regulatory standards for toxic substances present in the hazardous waste. In the present work, the concentrations along with the trend of 13 heavy metals, F<SUP>-</SUP>, CN<SUP>-</SUP> and 19 PAH present in the hazardous waste generated among various thermal processes (11 processes) in South Korea were analyzed along with their leaching characteristics. In all thermal processes, the median concentrations of Cu (3.58-209,000mg/kg), Ni (BDL-1560mg/kg), Pb (7.22-5132.25mg/kg) and Zn (83.02-31419mg/kg) were comparatively higher than the other heavy metals. Iron & Steel thermal process showed the highest median value of the heavy metals Cd (14.76mg/kg), Cr (166.15mg/kg) and Hg (2.38mg/kg). Low molecular weight PAH (BDL-37.59mg/kg) was predominant in sludge & filter cake samples present in most of the thermal processes. Comparatively flue gas dust present in most of the thermal processing units resulted in the higher leaching of the heavy metals.
Genetic Variation in Mutants of Black Gram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) Evaluated by RAPD Markers
D. Arulbalachandran,L. Mullainathan,S. Karthigayan,S.T. Somasundaram,S. Velu 한국작물학회 2010 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.13 No.1
Genetic variation among four mutants with parent of black gram (high seed protein, tall, bushy, and dwarf mutants) was investigated. The mutants were generated with physical gamma rays and chemical ethyl methane sulphonate. These mutants had some advantages like high protein content, lodging resistance, and high seed yield compared with parent cultivars (cvs.). The objective of the present investigation is to find genetic variation in mutants of black gram with their parents. The genetic variation was evaluated with 20 random primers, generated total 202 fragments scored with 58 polymorphic alleles, and the average was 10.1 alleles per locus and a range of 1-9 alleles. The average polymorphic rates were 38.37 among the mutants and parents through the 20 primers. Primers OPA-14 and OPI-04 revealed 35% of DNA polymorphism in this investigation. The genetic distance (GD) among the genotypes was 0.19 suggesting a significant degree of genetic diversity. The five genotypes were used to construct a dendrogram based on the similarity matrix, revealing a genetic distance varying from 0.600 to 0.725. This variation was due to the mutation induced by gamma rays and ethyl methane sulphonate. Further research is needed to analyze the sequence and expression of these mutated genes and to develop and improve black gram via genetic engineering to evaluate their use.
Genetic Variation in Mutants of Black Gram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper) Evaluated by RAPD Markers
Arulbalachandran, D.,Mullainathan, L.,Karthigayan, S.,Somasundaram, S.T.,Velu, S. 한국작물학회 2010 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.13 No.1
Genetic variation among four mutants with parent of black gram (high seed protein, tall, bushy, and dwarf mutants) was investigated. The mutants were generated with physical gamma rays and chemical ethyl methane sulphonate. These mutants had some advantages like high protein content, lodging resistance, and high seed yield compared with parent cultivars (cvs.). The objective of the present investigation is to find genetic variation in mutants of black gram with their parents. The genetic variation was evaluated with 20 random primers, generated total 202 fragments scored with 58 polymorphic alleles, and the average was 10.1 alleles per locus and a range of 1-9 alleles. The average polymorphic rates were 38.37 among the mutants and parents through the 20 primers. Primers OPA-14 and OPI-04 revealed 35% of DNA polymorphism in this investigation. The genetic distance (GD) among the genotypes was 0.19 suggesting a significant degree of genetic diversity. The five genotypes were used to construct a dendrogram based on the similarity matrix, revealing a genetic distance varying from 0.600 to 0.725. This variation was due to the mutation induced by gamma rays and ethyl methane sulphonate. Further research is needed to analyze the sequence and expression of these mutated genes and to develop and improve black gram via genetic engineering to evaluate their use.
Kumaresan P.,Somasundaram P.,Kumar K. Ashok,Urs S. Raje Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2006 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.13 No.2
Heterosis was studied involving two multivoltine silkworm breeds viz, APM1 and SLKSPM through rearing and isozyme analysis. A positive significant heterotic effect was observed in fecundity, hatching % and survivability. The heterobeltiosis was observed only in fecundity and hatching %. Isozyme analysis of ${\alpha}-esterase$ showed variation in loci and allelic expression. The allele with heterozygosity $(Est-2^{12})$ was observed at the Est-2 locus in $F_1$ progeny. Est-3 was observed in $F_1$ progeny, whereas it was completely absent in both parental lines. The present study suggests that the markers ($Est-2^{12}$ and Est-3) targeted for introgression may be useful for the improvement of fecundity and survivability as the phenomenon of heterosis was observed only in $F_1$ progeny.
PAIR DIFFERENCE CORDIAL LABELING OF PETERSEN GRAPHS P(n, k)
R. PONRAJ,A. GAYATHRI,S. SOMASUNDARAM The Korean Society for Computational and Applied M 2023 Journal of applied and pure mathematics Vol.5 No.1/2
Let G = (V, E) be a (p, q) graph. Define $${\rho}=\{{\frac{2}{p}},\;{\text{{\qquad} if p is even}}\\{\frac{2}{p-1}},\;{{\text{if p is odd}}$$ and L = {±1, ±2, ±3, … , ±ρ} called the set of labels. Consider a mapping f : V ⟶ L by assigning different labels in L to the different elements of V when p is even and different labels in L to p-1 elements of V and repeating a label for the remaining one vertex when p is odd.The labeling as defined above is said to be a pair difference cordial labeling if for each edge uv of G there exists a labeling |f(u) - f(v)| such that ${\mid}{\Delta}_{f_1}-{\Delta}_{f^c_1}{\mid}{\leq}1$, where ${\Delta}_{f_1}$ and ${\Delta}_{f^c_1}$ respectively denote the number of edges labeled with 1 and number of edges not labeled with 1. A graph G for which there exists a pair difference cordial labeling is called a pair difference cordial graph. In this paper we investigate pair difference cordial labeling behaviour of Petersen graphs P(n, k) like P(n, 2), P(n, 3), P(n, 4).
Pair difference cordial labeling of m-copies of some graphs
R. Ponraj,A. Gayathri,S. Somasundaram 한국전산응용수학회 2022 Journal of Applied and Pure Mathematics Vol.4 No.5
In this paper we investigate the pair difference cordial labeling behaviour of $m-$ copies of $K_4$, subdivision of star, fan, comb graphs.
Pair difference cordiality of some special graphs
R. Ponraj,A. Gayathri,S. Somasundaram 한국전산응용수학회 2021 Journal of Applied and Pure Mathematics Vol.3 No.5
Let G = (V, E) be a (p,q) graph. Define \begin{equation*}\rho =\begin{cases}\frac{p}{2} ,& \text{if p is even} \frac{p-1}{2} ,& \text{if p is odd}\end{cases} \end{equation*} and L = \{\pm1 ,\pm2, \pm3 , \cdots ,\pm\rho\} called the set of labels. Consider a mapping f : V \longrightarrow L by assigning different labels in L to the different elements of V when p is even and different labels in L to p-1 elements of V and repeating a label for the remaining one vertex when p is odd.The labeling as defined above is said to be a pair difference cordial labeling if for each edge uv of G there exists a labeling \left|f(u) - f(v)\right| such that \left|\Delta_{f_1} - \Delta_{f_1^c}\right| \leq 1, where \Delta_{f_1} and \Delta_{f_1^c} respectively denote the number of edges labeled with 1 and number of edges not labeled with 1. A graph G for which there exists a pair difference cordial labeling is called a pair difference cordial graph. In this paper we investigate pair difference cordial labeling behavior of some special graphs like jelly fish, jewel graph, kayak padal graph, theta graph, bamboo tree, and olive tree.
( P. Kumaresan ),( P. Somasundaram ),( K. Ashok Kumar ),( S. Raje Urs ) 한국잠사학회 2006 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.13 No.2
Heterosis was studied involving two multivoltine silkworm breeds viz, APM1 and SLKSPM through rearing and isozyme analysis. A positive significant heterotic effect was observed in fecundity, hatching % and survivability. The heterobeltiosis was observed only in fecundity and hatching %. Isozyme analysis of α-esterase showed variation in loci and allelic expression. The allele with heterozygosity (Est-212) was observed at the Est-2 locus in F1 progeny. Est-3 was observed in F1 progeny, whereas it was completely absent in both parental lines. The present study suggests that the markers (Est-212 and Est-3) targeted for introgression may be useful for the improvement of fecundity and survivability as the phenomenon of heterosis was observed only in F1 progeny.
Pair Difference Cordial Graphs Obtained From The Wheels and The Paths
R. Ponraj,A. Gayathri,S. Somasundaram 한국전산응용수학회 2021 Journal of Applied and Pure Mathematics Vol.3 No.3
Let G = (V, E) be a $(p,q)$ graph. Define \rho = \begin{cases}\frac{p}{2} ,& \text{if $p$ is even}\frac{p-1}{2} ,& \text{if $p$ is odd}\end{cases} and L = \{\pm1 ,\pm2, \pm3 , \cdots ,\pm\rho\} called the set of labels. Consider a mapping f : V \longrightarrow L by assigning different labels in L to the different elements of V when p is even and different labels in L to p-1 elements of V and repeating a label for the remaining one vertex when p is odd.The labeling as defined above is said to be a pair difference cordial labeling if for each edge uv of G there exists a labeling \left|f(u) - f(v)\right| such that \left|\Delta_{f_1} - \Delta_{f_1^c}\right| \leq 1, where \Delta_{f_1} and \Delta_{f_1^c} respectively denote the number of edges labeled with 1 and number of edges not labeled with 1. A graph G for which there exists a pair difference cordial labeling is called a pair difference cordial graph. In this paper we investigate the pair difference cordial labeling behavior of some wheel and path related graphs.