An Analytical Model for the Threshold Voltage of Short-Channel Double-Material-Gate (DMG) MOSFETs with a Strained-Silicon (s-Si) Channel on Silicon-Germanium (SiGe) Substrates

Shiv Bhushan,Santunu Sarangi,Gopi Krishna S.,Abirmoya Santra,Sarvesh Dubey,Pramod Kumar Tiwari 대한전자공학회 2013 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.13 No.4

In this paper, an analytical threshold voltage model is developed for a short-channel double-material-gate (DMG) strained-silicon (s-Si) on silicon-germanium (Si1-x Gex) MOSFET structure. The proposed threshold voltage model is based on the so called virtual-cathode potential formulation. The virtual-cathode potential is taken as minimum channel potential along the transverse direction of the channel and is derived from tow-dimensional (2D) potential distribution of channel region. The (2D) potential distribution of channel region. The 2D channel potential is formulated by solving the 2D Poisson"s equation with suitable boundary conditions in both the strained-Si layer and relaxed Si1-x Gex layer. The effects of a number of device parameters like the Ge mole fraction, Si film thickness and gate-length ratio have been considered on threshold voltage. Further, the drain induced barrier lowering (DIBL) has also been analyzed for gate-length ratio and amount of strain variations. The validity of the present 2D analytical model is verified with ATLAS<SUP>TM</SUP>, a 2D device simulator from Silvaco Inc.

Structural refinement, optical and ferroelectric properties of microcrystalline Ba(Zr0.05Ti0.95)O3 perovskite

T. Badapanda,S. Sarangi,B. Behera,P.K. Sahoo,S. Anwar,T. P. Sinha,G.E. Luz Jr.,E. Longo,L.S. Cavalcante 한국물리학회 2014 Current Applied Physics Vol.14 No.5

For this study, a microcrystalline Ba(Zr0.05Ti0.95)O3 (BZT) powder was prepared by a high energy ball milling method followed by calcination at 1100 C for 4 h. The calcined powder was structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement data, which showed that this material has a perovskite-type tetragonal structure with a space group of (P4mmm). The micro-Raman spectrum revealed local lattice distortions due to distorted octahedral [TiO6] clusters. The temperature and frequency-dependent dielectric study of the BZT ceramic showed normal phase transition behavior. The ferroelectric property was studied by a PeE hysteresis loop. Optical band gap was investigated by ultravioletevisible (UVevis) absorption spectroscopy at room temperature. The UVevis spectrum indicated that the BZT powder has an optical band gap of 3.15 eV.

Structural and impedance spectroscopy study of Samarium modified Barium Zirconium Titanate ceramic prepared by mechanochemical route

T. Badapanda,S. Sarangi,B. Behera,S. Anwar 한국물리학회 2014 Current Applied Physics Vol.14 No.9

Samarium modified Barium Zirconium Titanate (BZT) ceramics with general formula [Ba1xSm2x/ 3](Zr0.05Ti0.95O3) [x ¼ 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03 and 0.04] have been prepared by high energy ball milling. The Rietveld refinement of BaZr0.05Ti0.95O3 (BZT) shows a single phase tetragonal symmetry with space group P4mmm and TEM micrograph shows that the crystalline size is in the submicron range. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirm that no phase change occurs with the addition of Samarium in BZT upto x 0.03 and a small pyrochlore phase exists at x ¼ 0.04. The complex impedance (Nyquist) plots display a single semicircle highlighting the influence of grain resistance on the electrical behavior. Negative temperature coefficient of resistance behavior is observed in all compositions. The activation energy calculated from Z00 and DC conductivity confirms that the oxygen vacancies play an important role in the conduction mechanism.

A mononuclear nonheme iron(III)-peroxo complex binding redox-inactive metal ions

Lee, Y. M.,Bang, S.,Kim, Y.,Cho, J.,Hong, S.,Nomura, T.,Ogura, T.,Troeppner, O.,Ivanovic-Burmazovic, I.,Sarangi, R. THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CHEMISTRY 2013 Chemical science Vol.4 No.10

Social Sector Development and Economic Growth in India, 1990-1991 to 2017-2018

P.K. Mishra,S.K. Mishra,M.K. Sarangi 중앙대학교 경제연구소 2020 Journal of Economic Development Vol.45 No.4

This paper studies the impact of the development of social sector on the long-run economic growth in the Indian states during 1990-1991 to 2017-2018. It is observed that different States in India are not only spending unequally on social sector activities, but also are giving unequal importance to different components constituting the social sector. This has widened a disparity in the level of social sector development which might have led to an inequality in the human resource development and consequential disproportionate economic growth across the Indian States. The findings of this study have predicted a convergence in the social sector development across the Indian States. In this perspective, the findings of long-run analysis support the existence of an equilibrium relationship between social sector development and economic growth in the country. In addition, public expenditure on the sub-sectors such as family welfare and medical and public health, housing and urban development, water supply and sanitation, and social security and welfare have been found to exert a positive impact on the economic growth of Indian states in the long-run. The findings are critical for the policy circle designing programmes and schemes for the development of social sector to ensure inclusive growth.

Investigation of structure–property correlation on the dielectric and optical properties of lanthanum modified barium titanate ceramic

Mahapatra A. K.,Badapanda T.,Sahoo S.,Sarangi S. 한국세라믹학회 2022 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.59 No.6

The present manuscript outlines the investigation of the structure, dielectric and optical properties of Lanthanum (La) doped BaTiO 3 (BLT) ceramic with compositions of Ba 1-xLa2x/3TiO 3 prepared by the solid-state reaction method. The Rietveld refi nement of the XRD pattern illustrates that La doping changes from tetragonal structure to cubic structure with a mixed phase in intermediate composition. The Raman spectra illustrate the existence of modes associated with tetragonal symmetry up to x = 0.05 and the disappearance of modes at 307  cm −1 confi rming the cubic symmetry for higher doping concentration. The temperature variant dielectric study in the studied range reveals a two-phase transition until x = 0.05 which merges for higher concentrations. The temperature variant dielectric study expresses that the transition temperature declines whereas the dielectric constant at transition temperature increases as a function of doping content. The dielectric loss of the doped samples is found to increase until x = 0.05 and thereby decreases for higher concentration values. The temperature coeffi cient of the dielectric constant was calculated for all the compositions. The diff usivity was calculated using the altered Curie–Wiess law revealing that the diff usivity increases because of doping percentages. A signature of relaxor nature is obtained in the composition x = 0.1, which is confi rmed by the Vogel–Fulcher (VF) fi tting. The optical property of all the prepared samples has been studied using UV–Vis spectroscopy and photoluminescence.

Design and Construction of Nitrogen Liquefier

B. K, Choudhury,R. K. Sahoo,S. K. Sarangi 국제문화기술진흥원 2015 International Journal of Advanced Culture Technolo Vol.3 No.2

The design and construction of nitrogen liquefier begins with the process design of the cycle. The simulation of the cycles has been done using the software Aspen HYSYS. The compressor unit is available in the laboratory. Two number of high effectiveness, vacuum brazed aluminum plate fin heat exchangers are designed and fabricated. Turboexpander is designed and all of its components are fabricated. A suitable modification has been done with a precession needle valve to operate as a long stem JT valve. For separating the liquid, a phase separator is designed and fabricated. All the components are assembled inside a double walled cold box with pipes as per the process need. The necessary pressure, temperatureand other measuring instruments, valves and safety devices are mounted on the liquefier. After successful running of the liquefier, for the mass flow rate of 296 kg/hr for gaseous nitrogen, it is expected to deliver 17.44 lit/hr of liquid nitrogen.