Dissecting Causal Relationships Between Gut Microbiota, Blood Metabolites, and Stroke: A Mendelian Randomization Study

Wang Qi,Dai Huajie,Hou Tianzhichao,Hou Yanan,Wang Tiange,Lin Hong,Zhao Zhiyun,Li Mian,Zheng Ruizhi,Wang Shuangyuan,Lu Jieli,Xu Yu,Liu Ruixin,Ning Guang,Wang Weiqing,Bi Yufang,Zheng Jie,Xu Min 대한뇌졸중학회 2023 Journal of stroke Vol.25 No.3

Background and Purpose We investigated the causal relationships between the gut microbiota (GM), stroke, and potential metabolite mediators using Mendelian randomization (MR). Methods We leveraged the summary statistics of GM (n=18,340 in the MiBioGen consortium), blood metabolites (n=115,078 in the UK Biobank), and stroke (cases n=60,176 and controls n=1,310,725 in the Global Biobank Meta-Analysis Initiative) from the largest genome-wide association studies to date. We performed bidirectional MR analyses to explore the causal relationships between the GM and stroke, and two mediation analyses, two-step MR and multivariable MR, to discover potential mediating metabolites. Results Ten taxa were causally associated with stroke, and stroke led to changes in 27 taxa. In the two-step MR, <i>Bifidobacteriales</i> order, <i>Bifidobacteriaceae</i> family, <i>Desulfovibrio</i> genus, apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), phospholipids in high-density lipoprotein (HDL_PL), and the ratio of apolipoprotein B to ApoA1 (ApoB/ApoA1) were causally associated with stroke (all <i>P</i><0.044). The causal associations between <i>Bifidobacteriales</i> order, <i>Bifidobacteriaceae</i> family and stroke were validated using the weighted median method in an independent cohort. The three GM taxa were all positively associated with ApoA1 and HDL_PL, whereas <i>Desulfovibrio</i> genus was negatively associated with ApoB/ApoA1 (all <i>P</i><0.010). Additionally, the causal associations between the three GM taxa and ApoA1 remained significant after correcting for the false discovery rate (all q-values <0.027). Multivariable MR showed that the associations between <i>Bifidobacteriales</i> order, <i>Bifidobacteriaceae</i> family and stroke were mediated by ApoA1 and HDL_PL, each accounting for 6.5% (<i>P</i>=0.028) and 4.6% (<i>P</i>=0.033); the association between <i>Desulfovibrio</i> genus and stroke was mediated by ApoA1, HDL_PL, and ApoB/ApoA1, with mediated proportions of 7.6% (<i>P</i>=0.019), 4.2% (<i>P</i>=0.035), and 9.1% (<i>P</i>=0.013), respectively. Conclusion The current MR study provides evidence supporting the causal relationships between several specific GM taxa and stroke and potential mediating metabolites.

Adsorption properties of silica surface-grafted with a salicylhydroxamic acid-functionalized polymer toward lead ions

Ruixin Wang,Meina Xie,Hongjing Wang,Xiaohui Shi,Caiping Lei 한국화학공학회 2016 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.33 No.3

Salicylhydroxamic acid (SHA), functionalized composite chelating adsorbing material SHA-PHEMA/SiO2, was prepared through the nucleophilic substitution reaction of 5-chloromethyl-salicylhydroxamic acid with poly (2- hydroethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) modified silica gel particles PHEMA/SiO2. The SHA-PHEMA/SiO2 composites were characterized by FT-IR, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and nitrogen absorption. The adsorption behavior, adsorption thermodynamic, and adsorption mechanism of SHA-PHEMA/SiO2 for Pb2+ ions were studied, and the pH value of the medium on the adsorption property and chelating adsorption ability of SHA-PHEMA/SiO2 for Pb2+ ions was also investigated. The experimental results show that SHA-PHEMA/SiO2 possesses strong chelating adsorption ability for Pb2+ ions, and the adsorption capacity for Pb2+ ions at 308K reached 57 mg/g. The adsorption process is a chemical adsorption process driven by entropy, and the adsorption capacity increases with rising temperature. In pH range that can inhibit the hydrolysis of heavy metal ions, increasing the pH value of the medium strengthens the adsorption ability of SHA-PHEMA/SiO2 toward Pb2+ ions. The adsorption behavior is monomolecular and follows Langmuir isotherm. The adsorption capacity is almost the same after ten consecutive adsorption- desorption experiments of SHA-PHEMA/SiO2 for Pb2+ ions, indicating that SHA-PHEMA/SiO2 has excellent elution property and reusability.

Optimal type and ratio of foaming agent, foaming stabilizer and fluxing agent of foam glass fabricated with red mud and coal gangue

Jina Wang, Kaidong Xu,Zhixin Li,Yilong Yang,Qingxiao Li,Yun Bao,Huan Yang,Lingling Ding,Ruixin Zhang,Yuanyuan Wang,Lan Yao 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2022 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.23 No.1

In order to effectively reuse red mud and coal gangue, foam glass was successfully prepared by sintering. The foaming of foamglass is ensured by adding foaming agent, foam stabilizer and fluxing agent to the raw materials including red mud, coalgangue and waste glass. Furthermore, the defects in the foam glass are also reduced. The obtained powder was dried at 105ºC and characterized by XRF, DSC-TG analysis, etc. According to cellular structure, apparent density and water absorption,the optimal type and ratio of foaming agent, foaming stabilizer and fluxing agent were revealed. The results indicate that theoptimized formula of foaming agent, foaming stabilizer and fluxing agent is 3% MnO2-2% Na3PO4-2% borax. The foam glassprepared under optimized conditions exhibits uniform porous distribution and suitable pore size with an apparent density of0.575 g/cm3 and water absorption of 4.61%. The research in this work could establish the technical foundation of red mudbasedporous material for industrial production.

Hybrid passivity‑based control for stability and robustness enhancement in DC microgrids with constant power loads

Qihong Xian,Yubin Wang,Fan Wang,Ruixin Li,Song Wang 전력전자학회 2023 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.23 No.2

In a DC microgrid, the negative damping characteristics of a constant power load can deteriorate the stability of the whole system. To improve the robustness and stability of the DC microgrid, a hybrid passivity-based control of damping injection is presented in this paper. The stability of the closed-loop system is ensured by the energy dissipation property of the passivity-based control. A proportional-integral controller is integrated with the passivity-based controller to form a hybrid passivity-based control to improve control robustness. A small-signal model of a DC power system with constant power load is derived in detail, and the stability of the system is analyzed with the Lyapunov eigenvalue method. The proposed hybrid passivity-based control provides the system with a faster recovery and a larger power boundary when compared with the typical voltage-current dual-loop control. First, the proposed control is verified by simulation of the DC power system based on MATLAB/Simulink, and the feasibility and superiority of the proposed control are further verified by hardware-in-loop (HIL) experiments based on real-time laboratory (RT-Lab) and a TI DSP TMS320 F28335.

Novel asymmetric duty modulation for DAB converters to improve light load efficiency

Feng Wang,Xinyu Cui,Fang Zhuo,Jiachen Tian,Zhi Zheng,Ruixin Xu 전력전자학회 2023 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.23 No.4

In a DC distribution network, the solid-state transformer (SST) and energy storage systems require an isolated bidirectionalDC–DC converter (IBDC). Among the many IBDCs, the dual active bridge (DAB) converter has been widely studied dueto its advantages in terms of high power density and high efficiency. The traditional control strategy for DAB is phase shiftcontrol. However, when the primary and secondary side voltages do not match, the soft-switching characteristic and increasingcurrent in the phase shift control affect the application of DAB in scenarios involving input and output voltage changes. To improve the above-mentioned defects, a novel asymmetric duty modulation (ADM) control is proposed in this paper. Among the various multi-variable ADM controls, the two-variable ADM control is simple, but its current is higher under light loads. To improve this defect, this paper introduces trapezoidal modulation (TZM) control proposed for phase shift control into ADM to form a similar TZM (STZM) control corresponding to TZM control. This paper first expounds the basic principle of STZM control. On this basis, its basic characteristics are researched. With current stress as the optimization goal, an optimal STZM (OSTZM) control scheme with minimum current stress is proposed, and the effectiveness of the theoretical analysis is verified on the experimental bench. The result shows that STZM control can improve efficiency under light loads by reducing the current and ensuring full ZVS.

Preparation of Heparin-Functionalized Microspheres and Study on Their Adsorption Characteristic for Basic Protein Lysozyme

Jiying Men,Ruixin Wang,Xiaoyu Hu,Hongyu Zhao,Hongwei Wei,Cong Hu,Baojiao Gao 한국고분자학회 2016 Macromolecular Research Vol.24 No.2

In suspension polymerization system, poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) microspheres are firstly prepared. Then, ring opening reaction takes place when heparin is bonded on PGMA microspheres to obtain functional PGMA-heparin microspheres. The chemical structure and physicochemical characters of PGMA-heparin microspheres are fully characterized with infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and zeta potential determination. The adsorption properties of PGMA-heparin for lysozyme are mainly investigated. The effects of the main factors on the adsorption properties are explored, furthermore the adsorption mechanism is analyzed in depth, and the adsorption thermodynamics is also researched. The experimental results show that the strong electrostatic interaction is formed between high density of negative charge coming from the carboxyl groups or sulfonic acid groups of heparin and the positive charge of basic protein lysozyme. The adsorption of PGMA-heparin for lysozyme is dependent on the pH value of the medium, and the saturated adsorption amount of PGMA-heparin for lysozyme possesses a maximum at pH 8, which reaches up to 654 mg/g. The adsorption of PGMA-heparin for lysozyme is an exothermic process which is driven by entropy, and the adsorption amount decreases with increasing the temperature.

Numerical simulation of a regenerative thermal oxidizer for volatile organic compounds treatment

Xiaowen Hao,Ruixin Li,Jiao Wang,Xinfei Yang 대한환경공학회 2018 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.23 No.4

As regulations governing the control of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have become increasingly stringent in China, regenerative thermal oxidizers (RTOs) have been more frequently applied in medium- and high-concentration VOCs treatments. However, due to the lack of existing RTO-related research, experience remains a dominant factor for industrial application. This paper thus aimed to establish a model for industrial RTOs, using a transient simulation method and thermal equilibrium model to simulate the internal velocities and temperature distributions of an RTO across multiple cycles. A comparison showed an error of less than 5% between most correlating simulated and experimental measurement points, verifying that the simulation method was accurate. After verification, the velocity and temperature fields inside the RTO were simulated to study the uniformity of temperature and velocity within the packed beds: both fields displayed high uniformity after gas flowed through the honeycomb regenerator. The effects of air volume, VOCs concentrations, and valve switching times on the oxidation chamber temperature, RTO outlet temperature, and thermal efficiency (as well as their averages) were studied. The VOCs removal rate in this study was constantly above 98%, and the average thermal efficiency reached 90%.

Monte Carlo simulation and study of REE/PET composites with wide γ-ray protection

Cui Tongyan,Chen Ruixin,Bi Shumin,Wang Rui,Ma Zhongjian,Jia Qingxiu 한국원자력학회 2023 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.55 No.8

In this paper, rare earth element (REE)/polyester composites were designed with lanthanum oxide, gadolinium oxide, and lutetium oxide as ray shielding agents, and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) as the base. Monte Carlo simulation was carried out using FLUKA software. We found that the radiation protection performance of the composite is affected by the type and amount of REE; a higher amount of REE equated to a better radiation protection performance of the composite. When the thickness of the composite and total thickness of the REE is constant, the number of superimposed layers inside the composite does not affect its shielding performance. Compared with a single-type REE/PET composite, a mixed-type REE/PET composite has a wider range of g-ray absorption and better radiation protection performance. When the mass ratio of PET to REE is 2:8 and different types of REE are mixed with equal mass, several 0.2 cm-thick mixed-type REE/PET composites can shield >70% of 60 and 80 KeV g-rays

Effect of Cu2O Content in Electrodeposited CuOx Film on Perovskite Solar Cells

Xu Miao,Shuo Wang,Wenhai Sun,Yu Zhu,Chen Du,Ruixin Ma,Chengyan Wang 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2019 NANO Vol.14 No.10

It is well known that the different proportions of CuO and Cu2O in CuOx hole transfer materials have a great influence on the hole transport property as well as the device performances of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this paper, we changed the content of Cu2O in the film by controlling the deposition voltage during electrodeposition, and the effects of different contents of Cu2O in the films on the device were investigated for the first time. It was found that the content of Cu2O in the film reached the highest point with the deposition voltage 0.5 V, such films have the highest transmittance and carrier mobility. After assembling the device, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the champion device reached 13.48% under a one-sun AM 1.5G (100 mW/cm2) illumination. Furthermore, the unpackaged device based on CuOx still retained over 75% PCE after being placed in the ambient condition (30–40% humidity, 20–30 ℃) for 500 h.

Photoluminescence Properties of Green-Emitting ZnGa₂S₄:Eu²⁺Phosphor

Yu, Ruijin,Luan, Ruixin,Wang, Caifeng,Chen, Jingtao,Wang, Zhenxing,Moon, Byung Kee,Jeong, Jung Hyun The Electrochemical Society 2012 Journal of the Electrochemical Society Vol.159 No.5