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Ritter, Joseph K.,Chen, Fan,Sheen, Yhun Y.,Lubet, Ronald A.,Owens, Ida S. 이화여자대학교 생명과학연구소 1992 생명과학연구논문집 Vol.3 No.-
Two human liver UDP-glucuronosyltransferase cDNA clones, HLUG25[Jackson, M. R., et al.(1987) Biochem. J. 242 58-5881-588] and UDPGT_h-2 [Ritter, J.K.,et al.(1990). J Biol. Chem. 266, 7900-7906] have previously been shown to encode isozymes active in the glucuronidation of hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA) and certain estrogen derivatives (estriols and 3,4-catechol estrogens), respetively. Here we report that the UDPGT_h-2-enconded isoform (udpgt_h-2) and the HLUG25-encoded isoform (udpgt_h-1) have parallel aglycon specificities. Following expression in COS-1 cells, each isoform metabolized three types of dihydroxy-or trihydroxy-substituted ring structures, in cluding the 3,4-catechol estrogen (4-hydroxyestrone), estriol and 17-epiestriol, and HDCA, but the udpgt_h-2 isozyme is 100-fold more efficient than udpgt_h-1 udpgt_h-1 and udpgt_h-2 are 86% identical oerall (76 differences out of 528 amino acids), including 55 differences in the first 300 amino acids of the amino terminus, a domain which confers isoform substrate specificity. The data indicate that a high level of conservation in the amino terminus is not required for the preservation of substrate seletivity. Analysis of glucuronidation activity encoded by UDPGT_h-1/udpgt_h-2 chimeric cDNA_s constructed at their ommon restriction sites, SacI (codon 297.,NcoI(codon 385), and HhaI (codon 469), showed that nine amino acids between residues 385 and 469 are important for catalytic efficiency, suggesting that this region represents a domain which is critial for catalysis but distinct from that responsible for aglycon selection. In parallel with the existence of liver and kidney microsomal HDCA glucuronosyl transferase activity, mRNA coding for udpgt_h-2 is expressed in liver and kidney, whereas that for udpgt_h-1 expressed only in the liver. These data indicate that udpgt_h-2 is a primary isoform responsible for the detoxification of the bile salt intermediate as well as the active estrogen intermediates.
Ritter, Joseph K.,Sheen, Yhun Y.,Owens, Ida S. 이화여자대학교 생명과학연구소 1990 생명과학연구논문집 Vol.1 No.-
The human cDNA clone, UDPGTh-2, encoding a liver UDP-glucuronosyltramsferase (transferase) was isolated from a gtll cDNA clone, UDPGTm-1 (Komura, T., and Owens, I.S.(1987) Eur.J.Biochem.168, 515-521). The two clones have nucleotide sequence identities un the coding region of 74%. UDPGTm-2 encodes a 529-amino acid protein with an NH2 terminus membrane-insertion signal peptide and a carboxyl terminus membrane-spanning region.
Ritter, Joseph K.,Owens, Ida S.,Negishi, Masahiko,Nagata, Kiyoshi,Sheen, Yhun Y.,Gillette, James R.,Sasame, Henry A. 이화여자대학교 생명과학연구소 1991 생명과학연구논문집 Vol.2 No.-
We have isolated a cDNA clone, Nah-2, encoding the cytochrome P-450^Nah(naphthalene hydroxylase) from a mouse lung λZAP cDNA library using anti-cytochrome P-450^Nah IgG as a probe. This same antibody selectively blocked[Nagata, K.,Martin, B. M., Gillette, J. R., & Sasame, H. A.(1990) Drug Metab. Dispos. 18, 557-564] the cytochrome P-450 in mouse lung microsomes that catalyzed the conversion of naphthalene to (1R,2S)- naphthalene 1,2-oxide, which has been postulated as a causative agent in the naphthalene-induced tissue-specific necrosis of Clara cells in mouse lung. The toxic effect is seen in mouse and not in rat. The cDNA encodes a polypeptide of 491 amino acids with a molecular mass of 50 kDa. Northern blot analysis with an Nah-2specific probe revealed that the mRNA is expressed in a species-and tissue-specific manner, present only in mouse lung and liver and not in that of rat. The mRNA encoding Nah-2 is constitutively expressed and is not induced by either phenobarbital, pyrazole, pregnenolone 16∂-carbonitrile, or 3-methylcholanthrene. Comparative amino acid sequence analyses with other documented members of the P-450 gene superfamily revealed that this encoded protein is in the IIF subfamily. To analyze its substrate specificity, the cDNA was inserted into the vector, pAAH5, and expressed in the Saccharonyces cerevisiae strain, AH_22. The presence of cytochrome P-450_Nah in the micreosomes isolated from transformed cell and analyzed by Western blot was confirmed by immunocomplexing product with anti-cytochrome P450_Nah IgG. Furthermore, activity toward naphthalene in the microsomes from the transformed cells established that this clone encodes a naphthalene hydroxylase. Like lung microsomes and purified and reconstituted cytochrome P450_Nah, transformed yeast microsomes convert naphthalene primarily to the trans-(1R)-hydroxy-(2R)-glutathionyl-1, 2-dihydronaphthalene conjugate, a stable form of the putative toxicant(1R,2S) oxide in the presence of glutathione and a mixture of glutathione S-transferases. Results of immunochemical studies support a role of this cytochrome P-450 in lung toxicity in mice exposed to high doses of naphthalene.
Utilization of Landfill Gas in the Federal Republic of Germany
Ritter, K. 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 1986 硏究報告 Vol.9 No.3
현재 독일 연방공화국에 존재하는 모든 자치구역 쓰레기의 2/3가 매립된다. 유기성 구성물의 미생물학적 추출물이 주로 메탄과 이산화탄소로 구성된 매립장 가스를 생산한다. 과거에는 이 가스들의 문제에 큰 관심을 가지지 않았기 때문에 오늘날, 가스 추출방법과 매립장 가스에 포함된 에너지 이용의 필요성을 부인할 수 없게 되었다. 특히, 최근 몇 년간 매립장 가스의 이용은 급속한 발전을 가져 왔었다. 가열할 목적으로의 가스이용과 전류를 생산하기 위한 project가 여러번 시도되어졌다. 메탄의 포집뿐만 아니라 가스정화와 가스질의 개선 그리고 가스망(gas-nets)의 공급의 방법들을 논 하였다. 이용방법을 위한 결정인자는 지역환경과 경제적인 에너지 조건들이다. 독일에서 가장 관심거리는 가열 혹은 전류의 발생과 같은 그러한 가스이용시설이 없는 공장에 대한 것이다. 이러한 경향은 미래에는 이들 이용법의 변화와 함께 긍정적인 경험에 중점을 두게 될 것이다. 미래에 경제적인 에너지 조건들에 기인될, 아직 적용되지 않은 매립장 가스에 관한 더 우수한 이용 기술들이 시장에서 더욱 강력한 비중으로 적용할 것이다. 이들은 더 높은 valency의 목적과 함께 가스 처리의 기술들이다.
The Regional Command of the Commons: Japan`s Military Power
( Tripp Ritter ) 한국국방연구원 2005 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.17 No.1
Japan is traditionally viewed as a weak military power. When considered in light of Barry Posen`s Command of the Commons model, Japan can be seen as a major power and of particular significance to East Asia. Japan has a "regional" command of the commons. In other words, Japan is predominant in the air, sea and space in East Asia and can use those areas at will against opponents. Japan`s command of the commons rests on the power of its navy, which is one of the world`s most modern and powerful, and its air force, which is competitive. From a regional perspective there is no competitor aside from the United States, which is an ally. Much of Japan`s military power rests on the American alliance which provides technology and complimentary forces. This paper`s contention has important policy implications. If Japan is powerful, then the United States should work to more closely integrate its military operations with those of Japan in order to leverage Japanese strength. Chinese reaction to date has not been strong, which indicates that China may be less concerned about increases in material Japanese power than is commonly supposed.
Enabling organizational value-chain processes through network capability
Thomas Ritter 한국마케팅과학회 2021 마케팅과학연구 Vol.31 No.3
Value-chain processes must be understood and managed from a network, or ecosystem, perspective and linked to customer value creation. Based on an overview of the customer-value literature and internal value-chain processes, this paper argues that network capability needs to be added to the firm’s value-chain processes as an additional layer. This paper outlines different views on network capability, positions network capability in the wider portfolio of firms’ value-creation processes, and outlines potential research opportunities that may deepen our understanding of network capability.
An Interdisciplinary Strategy for Fostering Innovation with Mobile Devices
Don, Ritter 한국디지털디자인협의회 2013 (사)한국디지털디자인협의회 conference Vol.2013 No.8
This article briefly describes an interdisciplinary strategy for pursuing innovation with mobile devices. The core feature of this approach is an organizational structure that incorporate researchers from different sectors of specialization pertaining to digital media: production technologies, digital media distribution technologies, digital media content production, commodification of digital media, and the social function of digital media. The general goals of this strategy are the development of innovative digital media technologies and methods of commodification for mobile devices that will produce technological, economic, and social benefits. The primary purpose of the interdisciplinary team structure is to create a social environment that will foster innovation by overpowering dogmatism.