A general Volterra-type integral equation associated with an integral operator involving the product of general class of polynomials and multivarible H-function in the kernel

agarwal,Priyanka Harjule,Rashmi Jain 장전수학회 2017 Proceedings of the Jangjeon mathematical society Vol.20 No.3

In this paper, we solve a general Volterra-type fractional equation associated with an integral operator involving a product of general class of polynomials and the multivariable H-function in its Kernel. We make use of convolution technique to solve the main equation.On account of the general nature of multivariable H-function and general class of polynomials, We can obtain a large number of integral equations involving products of several useful polynomials and special functions as its special cases. For the lack of space, we record here only two such special cases which involve the product of general class of polynomials SM N & Appell's function F3 and a general class of polynomials. The main result derived in this paper also generalizes the results obtained by Gupta et. al.[2] and Jain[3, p. 102-103, eq. (3.5),eq.(3.6)]

Determinants of Shopping Experience for Mall Shoppers: Empirical Investigation in an Emerging City of Raipur (India)

Singh, Harvinder,Prashar, Sanjeev,Agarwal, Rashmi,Sharma, Tarun Kumar KNU The Institute of Management Economy Research 2014 Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Vol.5 No.1

Shopping malls have become key players in the Indian retail space. Even in upcoming Indian towns, malls have been mushrooming. Raipur, the capital city of the Indian state of Chhattisgarh has witnessed the growth over the last few years. However, this unplanned growth of malls in cities is expected to lead to oversupply of mall space in the near future, making things difficult for mall developers. The study is an attempt to identify appropriate strategies for mall developers to iron out such kinks. This paper presents 'shopping experience' as a tool to compete, succeed and explore its composition in terms of its constituent factors. The paper uses Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) on a non-probability sample of 350 respondents. It condenses a set of twenty-two mall variables into five factors that directly influence the shopping experience. These factors included ambience, infrastructure, marketing focus, convenience and safety and security. In terms of significance, shoppers assigned different weightage to each of these factors. The study shed light on interesting insights regarding the expectations of mall shoppers in the city of Raipur. The results though interesting, may be extended to different social, economic and geographic contexts to check the universality. While strategizing, mall developers must assign proportionate effort on the factors based on the respective contribution to shopping experience. In light of intensifying competition in Raipur, the study is significant for future prospects of malls. In the absence of a scientific and objective basis, the developers run risk of making wrong investment and management decisions. This paper is a useful addition to the body of knowledge on management of shopping malls in India and is unique in terms of its focus on mall shoppers in the smaller Indian cities like Raipur.

Determinants of Shopping Experience for Mall Shoppers

Harvinder Singh,Sanjeev Prashar,Rashmi Agarwal,Tarun Kumar Sharma 강원대학교 경영경제연구소 2014 Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Vol.5 No.1

Shopping malls have become key players in the Indian retail space. Even in upcoming Indian towns, malls have been mushrooming. Raipur, the capital city of the Indian state of Chhattisgarh has witnessed the growth over the last few years. However, this unplanned growth of malls in cities is expected to lead to oversupply of mall space in the near future, making things difficult for mall developers. The study is an attempt to identify appropriate strategies for mall developers to iron out such kinks. This paper presents ‘shopping experience’ as a tool to compete, succeed and explore its composition in terms of its constituent factors. The paper uses Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) on a non-probability sample of 350 respondents. It condenses a set of twenty-two mall variables into five factors that directly influence the shopping experience. These factors included ambience, infrastructure, marketing focus, convenience and safety and security. In terms of significance, shoppers assigned different weightage to each of these factors. The study shed light on interesting insights regarding the expectations of mall shoppers in the city of Raipur. The results though interesting, may be extended to different social, economic and geographic contexts to check the universality. While strategizing, mall developers must assign proportionate effort on the factors based on the respective contribution to shopping experience. In light of intensifying competition in Raipur, the study is significant for future prospects of malls. In the absence of a scientific and objective basis, the developers run risk of making wrong investment and management decisions. This paper is a useful addition to the body of knowledge on management of shopping malls in India and is unique in terms of its focus on mall shoppers in the smaller Indian cities like Raipur.

Investigations on air-fuel mixing and flame characteristics of biodiesel fuels for diesel engine application

Hwang, Joonsik,Bae, Choongsik,Patel, Chetankumar,Agarwal, Rashmi A.,Gupta, Tarun,Kumar Agarwal, Avinash Elsevier 2017 APPLIED ENERGY Vol.206 No.-

<P>In this study, the spray and combustion phenomena of biodiesels were investigated in a constant volume combustion chamber (CVCC). Mineral diesel was used as a baseline fuel and biodiesels derived from waste cooking oil, Karanja oil, and Jatropha oil were utilized to investigate the effect of fuel properties on spray and combustion processes. Experiments were performed at high temperature and pressure conditions in order to simulate the atmospheric environment of a diesel engines. Test fuels were injected at an injection pressure of 80 MPa using a common-rail equipped solenoid injector. Macroscopic evaporation characteristics were analyzed by high-speed shadowgraphy technique under evaporating conditions. The representative droplet size distribution and Sauter mean diameter (SMD) were measured using the Phase Doppler Interferometry (PDI) technique, which was applied to study the spray atomization characteristics of the fuels. The air-fuel equivalence,ratio in the spray was calculated using mathematical correlations. The quantitative estimations of soot generation in the spray flames were compared using Hue number analysis. From the shadowgraphy images, the biodiesels showed slower air-fuel mixing characteristics than the baseline diesel due to their inferior volatility. While diesel evaporated abruptly after the fuel injection, the biodiesels showed dense liquid regions in the center of the spray plume. Biodiesels also exhibited larger SMD than the baseline mineral diesel in the fuel spray because of their higher density, viscosity, and surface tension. Despite having poor spray atomization characteristics, the calculated equivalence ratio of biodiesels was lower than that of the baseline diesel. This trend was attributed to the oxygen content of biodiesel. The flame luminosity and visible spray flame duration of biodiesels were lower than those of diesel, while the biodiesel spray flames exhibited lower sooting tendency than the baseline diesel.</P>

Comparative compression ignition engine performance, combustion, and emission characteristics, and trace metals in particulates from Waste cooking oil, Jatropha and Karanja oil derived biodiesels

Patel, Chetankumar,Chandra, Krishn,Hwang, Joonsik,Agarwal, Rashmi A.,Gupta, Neeraj,Bae, Choongsik,Gupta, Tarun,Agarwal, Avinash Kumar Elsevier 2019 Fuel Vol.236 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In the present study, comparison of performance, combustion and emission characteristics of a single cylinder compression ignition (CI) genset engine fueled by biodiesels derived from Waste cooking oil (WCO), Jatropha and Karanja oils vis-á-vis baseline mineral diesel has been carried out. Performance and combustion investigations were carried out at constant engine speed (1500 rpm) and six engine loads (0–100%). WCO biodiesel showed slightly higher heat release rate (HRR) than baseline mineral diesel, while it was slightly lower for Karanja and Jatropha biodiesels. Hydrocarbons (HC) and oxides of nitrogen (NO<SUB>X</SUB>) emissions were lower, while carbon monoxide (CO) emission was relatively higher for biodiesels compared to baseline diesel. Smoke opacity was higher for Karanja and Jatropha biodiesels compared to baseline diesel. WCO biodiesel exhibited comparable smoke opacity with baseline mineral diesel except at full load, where it was relatively lower. Particulates were collected from the engine exhaust on a quartz filter paper using a partial flow dilution tunnel at 50 and 100% engine loads, for trace metal analysis using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). It was found that trace metals such as Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na, Zn and Al showed higher concentrations in particulates from all test fuels, while Ba, Cd, Cr, Mn and Mo showed relatively lower concentrations in the particulates collected.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Biodiesels exhibited higher P, HRR<SUB>max</SUB> but shorter CD. </LI> <LI> Biodiesels showed higher smoke opacity due to higher viscosity. </LI> <LI> Lower HC, NOx and trace metals in particulates from biodiesels. </LI> <LI> Trace metals in particulates reduced with increasing engine load. </LI> <LI> Most trace metal concentrations in biodiesel particulates were lower. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

In-Cylinder Spray and Combustion Investigations in a Heavy-Duty Optical Engine Fueled With Waste Cooking Oil, Jatropha, and Karanja Biodiesels

Patel, Chetankumar,Hwang, Joonsik,Chandra, Krishn,Agarwal, Rashmi A.,Bae, Choongsik,Gupta, Tarun,Agarwal, Avinash Kumar ASME International 2019 Journal of energy resources technology Vol.141 No.1