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FDI and Aid Strategies in Resource Rich African Countries
Randell Stuart,Lee Jin-sang(이진상),Oh Jeong-Hun(오정훈) 한국아프리카학회 2011 한국아프리카학회지 Vol.33 No.-
본 연구는 변형된 다이아몬드 모델을 이용하여 한국의 아프리카 국가에 대한 FDI와 대외원조 전략을 도출하였다. 본 논문은 진출대상국에 대하여 위험과 보상요소를 고려하여 선별적인 접근을 하여야 하며, 필요한 자원확보를 위하여 FDI와 원조전략이 공조되어야 할 필요가 있음을 보였다. 또한 본 논문은 한국과 아프리카 진출대상국이 상호간의 공동이익을 창출할 수 있는 방안을 제시해 준다. In this paper, using a modified Diamond model, Korean FDI and foreign aid strategies to resource rich African countries are investigated. This paper suggests that Korea needs to develop partnership with the selected African countries taking into consideration the risk and reward factors and combine FDI and aid to support Korean acquisition of vitally important resources for its economy. It presents how both African countries and Korea would be benefited from their economic cooperation.
The Political Ontology of Automobility
Robert Braun ; Richard Randell Academy of Mobility Humanities 2023 Mobility Humanities Vol.2 No.1
This paper develops an outline for conceptualising the ontology of automobility. It does so not through engaging with traditional metaphysical ontological discourses but by focusing on the politics of ontology construction. That which goes by the name “automobility” is a political order, it is argued, that may be described as an ontocracy. Spatially, automobility circumscribes an ontosphere. The science through which automobility represents, constitutes and reproduces itself is ontology. The practitioners and personnel of this science may be described as ontologists, the agents who perform the routine work of sustaining what we call “the ontos of automobility.” Ontography is the work of reality inscription, of écriture, by which the political ontology of automobility is constituted and sustained. All the above are intertwined with, components of, made possible through, the exercise of ontopower, a form of constitutive power. Collectively, these terms allow for the identification of the ontopolitical activities and practices, agencies and properties, through which the automobility ontos is constituted, of which they are each reflexively components. The political ontology of automobility that is outlined in this paper is not unique to automobility, but is one example of, manifestation of, constituent element of, something larger, the political ontology of the lateAnthropocene. The concluding section of the paper contrasts the political ontology that is outlined here with the claim that the ontology we inhabit is a “mobilities ontology.”
Marja Rytkönen-Nissinen,Soili Saarelainen,Jukka Randell,Jukka Häyrinen,Nisse Kalkkinen,Tuomas Virtanen 대한천식알레르기학회 2015 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.7 No.4
Purpose: Divergent results on the IgE reactivity of dog-allergic subjects to Can f 4 have been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the significance of Can f 4 in dog allergy and to develop an immunochemical method for measuring Can f 4 content in environmental samples. Methods: We purified the natural dog allergen Can f 4 from a dog dander extract by monoclonal antibody-based affinity chromatography and generated its variant in a recombinant form. Sixty-three dog-allergic patients and 12 nonallergic control subjects were recruited in the study. The IgEbinding capacity of natural Can f 4 and its recombinant variant was assessed by ELISA, immunoblotting, and skin prick tests (SPT). Results: Eightyone percent of the dog-allergic patients showed a positive result to the immunoaffinity-purified natural Can f 4 in IgE ELISA, but only 46% in IgE immunoblotting. Respective results with the recombinant Can f 4 variant were 54% and 49%. SPT results reflected those obtained in ELISA and immunoblotting. The overall IgE reactivity of the immunoaffinity-purified natural Can f 4 was found to depend strongly on the integrity of the allergen’s conformation. A sandwich ELISA based on monoclonal antibodies was found to be functional for measuring Can f 4 in environmental samples. Conclusions: Can f 4 is a major allergen of dog together with Can f 1 and Can f 5. In combination with other dog allergens, it improves the reliability of allergy tests in dog allergy.
Mode-multiplexed transmission over conventional graded-index multimode fibers.
Ryf, R,Fontaine, N K,Chen, H,Guan, B,Huang, B,Esmaeelpour, M,Gnauck, A H,Randel, S,Yoo, S J B,Koonen, A M J,Shubochkin, R,Sun, Y,Lingle, R Optical Society of America 2015 Optics express Vol.23 No.1
<P>We present experimental results for combined mode-multiplexed and wavelength multiplexed transmission over conventional graded-index multimode fibers. We use mode-selective photonic lanterns as mode couplers to precisely excite a subset of the modes of the multimode fiber and additionally to compensate for the differential group delay between the excited modes. Spatial mode filters are added to suppress undesired higher order modes. We transmit 30-Gbaud QPSK signals over 60 WDM channels, 3 spatial modes, and 2 polarizations, reaching a distance of 310 km based on a 44.3 km long span. We also report about transmission experiments over 6 spatial modes for a 17-km single-span experiment. The results indicate that multimode fibers support scalable mode-division multiplexing approaches, where modes can be added over time if desired. Also the results indicate that mode-multiplexed transmission distance over 300 km are possible in conventional multimode fibers.</P>
Wavelength-selective switch with direct few mode fiber integration.
Marom, D M,Dunayevsky, J,Sinefeld, D,Blau, M,Ryf, R,Fontaine, N K,Montoliu, M,Randel, S,Liu, C,Ercan, B,Esmaeelpour, M,Chandrasekhar, S,Gnauck, A H,Leon-Saval, S G,Bland-Hawthorn, J,Salazar-Gil, J R,S Optical Society of America 2015 Optics express Vol.23 No.5
<P>The first realization of a wavelength-selective switch (WSS) with direct integration of few mode fibers (FMF) is fully described. The free-space optics FMF-WSS dynamically steers spectral information-bearing beams containing three spatial modes from an input port to one of nine output ports using a phase spatial light modulator. Sources of mode dependent losses (MDL) are identified, analytically analyzed and experimentally confirmed on account of different modal sensitivities to fiber coupling in imperfect imaging and at spectral channel edges due to mode clipping. These performance impacting effects can be reduced by adhering to provided design guidelines, which scale in support of higher spatial mode counts. The effect on data transmission of cascaded passband filtering and MDL build-up is experimentally investigated in detail.</P>