Analytical Modelling and Simulation Analysis of Junctionless Nanotube (JL NT) MOSFET

Raj Kumar,Raj Kumar,Arvind Kumar 한국전기전자재료학회 2022 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.23 No.4

In this paper, an analytical model for junctionless nanotube (JLNT) MOSFET has been developed. The analytical model for minimum central potential, threshold voltage and drain current has been developed by using variable separation method. These model expressions are further applied to analyse the Short Channel Effects (SCEs) of JL NT MOSFET. The electrical performance of proposed device has been investigated by varying different process parameters such as silicon nanotube thickness, gate oxide thickness, and gate length. All the results of developed models have been validated by comparing with so obtained simulated results from genius 3D device simulator of VisualTCAD for different device parameters. JLNT MOSFET with appropriate design parameters can be further explored for circuit applications.

Novel phyto-derivative BRM270 inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cells proliferation by inducing G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in xenograft mice model

Kumar Mongre, Raj,Sharma, Neelesh,Singh Sodhi, Simrinder,Ghosh, Mrinmoy,Kumar Singh, Amit,Kim, Nameun,Park, Yang Ho,Shin, Young Gyu,Kim, Sung Jin,Jiao Jiao, Zhang,Huynh, Do Luong,Jeong, Dong Kee EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ELSEVIER 2017 BIOMEDICINE AND PHARMACOTHERAPY Vol.87 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major threat to human health worldwide and development of novel antineoplastic drug is demanding task. BRM270 is a proprietary combination of traditional medicinal herbs, has been shown to be effective against a wide range of stem-like cancer initiating cells (SLCICs). However, the underlying mechanism and antitumor efficacy of BRM270 in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells have not been well elucidated till date. Here we studied the tumoricidal effect of BRM270 on human-CD133<SUP>+</SUP> expressing stem-like HepG-2 and SNU-398 cells. Gene expression profiling by qPCR and specific cellular protein expressions was measured using immunocytochemistry/western blot analysis. <I>In vivo</I> efficacy of BRM270 has been elucidated in the SLCICs induced xenograft model. In addition, 2DG-(2-Deoxy-<SMALL>D</SMALL>-Glucose) optical-probe guided tumor monitoring was performed to delineate the size and extent of metastasized tumor. Significant (<I>P</I> <I><</I> 0.05) induction of Annexin-V positive cell population and dose-dependent upregulation of caspase-3 confirmed apoptotic cell death by pre/late apoptosis. In addition, bright field and fluorescence microscopy of treated cells revealed apoptotic morphology and DNA fragmentation in Hoechst33342 staining. Levels of c-Myc, Bcl-2 and c-Jun as invasive potential apoptotic marker were detected using qPCR/Western blot. Moreover, BRM270 significantly (<I>P</I> <I><</I> 0.05) increased survival rate that observed by Kaplan-Meier log rank test. In conclusion, these results indicate that BRM270 can effectively inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in hepatoma cells by down-regulating CyclinD1/Bcl2 mediated c-Jun apoptotic pathway.</P>

Novel DOT1L ReceptorNatural Inhibitors Involved in Mixed Lineage Leukemia: a Virtual Screening, Molecular Docking and Dynamics Simulation Study

Raj, Utkarsh,Kumar, Himansu,Gupta, Saurabh,Varadwaj, Pritish Kumar Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.9

Background: The human protein methyl-transferase DOT1L catalyzes the methylation of histone H3 on lysine 79 (H3K79) at homeobox genes and is also involved in a number of significant processes ranging from gene expression to DNA-damage response and cell cycle progression. Inhibition of DOT1L activity by shRNA or small-molecule inhibitors has been established to prevent proliferation of various MLL-rearranged leukemia cells in vitro, establishing DOT1L an attractive therapeutic target for mixed lineage leukemia (MLL). Most of the drugs currently in use for the MLL treatment are reported to have low efficacy, hence this study focused on various natural compounds which exhibit minimal toxic effects and high efficacy for the target receptor. Materials and Methods: Structures of human protein methyl-transferase DOT1L and natural compound databases were downloaded from various sources. Virtual screening, molecular docking, dynamics simulation and drug likeness studies were performed for those natural compounds to evaluate and analyze their anti-cancer activity. Results: The top five screened compounds possessing good binding affinity were identified as potential high affinity inhibitors against DOT1L's active site. The top ranking molecule amongst the screened ligands had a Glide g-score of -10.940 kcal/mol and Glide e-model score of -86.011 with 5 hydrogen bonds and 12 hydrophobic contacts. This ligand's behaviour also showed consistency during the simulation of protein-ligand complex for 20000 ps, which is indicative of its stability in the receptor pocket. Conclusions: The ligand obtained out of this screening study can be considered as a potential inhibitor for DOT1L and further can be treated as a lead for the drug designing pipeline.

Analysis and optimization of drug solubility to improve pharmacokinetics

Raj Kumar Thapa,최한곤,용철순,김종오 한국약제학회 2017 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.47 No.2

Solubility measurement is one of the key elements that need to be considered in drug discovery and development process. Hence, its appropriate analysis and optimization is necessary to enhance the drug’s pharmacokinetic and therapeutic effects. In this article, different methods used for solubility analysis and optimization such as shake flask, potentiometric, turbidimetric, computational, miniature device and high throughput automated methods have been summarized. Additionally, the effect of solubility optimization methods (physical, chemical and carrier technology modifications) on pharmacokinetic enhancement has also been elucidated. New fast, feasible and automated methods of solubility analysis are necessary for its accurate measurement as well as for minimization of errors posed by traditional methods. Among the physical, chemical and carrier modification methods; higher potential is exhibited by nanoparticulate drug delivery carriers for optimization of drug solubility and enhancement of pharmacokinetics. Based on the drug characteristics and delivery requirement, appropriate method can be chosen for efficient solubility and pharmacokinetics enhancement of lipophilic drugs, especially of BCS class II and class IV.

Estimation and validation of maxwell stress of planar dielectric elastomer actuators

Raj Kumar Sahu,Abhishek Saini,Dilshad Ahmad,Karali Patra,Jerzy Szpunar 대한기계학회 2016 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.30 No.1

In this paper, Maxwell stress of circular planar actuator at different applied voltages was estimated and then validated with the uniaxialcompression test of three different dielectric elastomers (VHB, silicone and natural rubber). Pelrine’s equation was revisited to estimateMaxwell stress which causes the actuation in the planar direction. More precise and accurate estimation of Maxwell stress could be madein this work by considering variation of dielectric constant with respect to frequency and pre-strain. Estimated Maxwell stress was validatedthrough (i) out-of-plane strain or thickness strain obtained from measured area strain considering constant volume deformation, and(ii) out-of-plane mechanical compressive test results. The estimated Maxwell stress agrees well with the corresponding experimentalcompressive stress values for different pre-straining cases considered in this work.

Electrochemical Corrosion Behavior of Sn–1.0Ag–0.5Cu and Sn–3.8Ag–0.7cu Lead Free Solder Alloys During Storage and Transportation Under Chloride Working Condition

Raj Kumar Kaushik,Uma Batra,J. D. Sharma 한국전기전자재료학회 2022 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.23 No.4

The Continuous miniaturization of electronics set stringent requirements of corrosion resistance as imposed by high-density packaging. The present work elucidates electrochemical corrosion behaviours of two conventional lead-free solder alloys, i.e., Low-Ag (Sn–1.0Ag–0.5Cu, SAC105) and High-Ag (Sn–3.8Ag–0.7Cu, SAC387) solder alloys. The Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy and Potentiodynamic polarization performed in naturally aerated 0.5 M NaCl solution for 1 h, 24 h, 168 h, 336 h, 504 h and 672 h suggest that SAC387 solder offers higher corrosion resistance than SAC105 solder. The SAC105 solder is sparsely cover with fine-fi brous corrosion product, while platelet-like and fi brous mass entirely covers SAC387 solder. Microstructural and elemental characterization of corrosion product revealed the presence of tin oxide, Cu and Ag containing products as several pit, cracks and pore-like structures.

ENERGY AND EXERGY ANALYSIS OF COMPACT POWER GENERATION AND HYBRID SOLAR ENERGY-WASTE HEAT-BASED TRIPLE EFFECT EJECTOR-VAPOR ABSORPTION REFRIGERATION CYCLE

RAJ KUMAR,ANIL KUMAR 대한설비공학회 2013 International Journal Of Air-Conditioning and Refr Vol.21 No.4

An NH3–H2O ejector-absorption refrigeration cycle, and an R-152a ejector refrigeration cycle are employed with a renewable energy power generator to make a proposed compact power generation and triple effect ejector-absorption refrigeration cycle. The exergy analysis of the cycle leads to a possible performance improvement. Approximately 71.69% of the input exergy is destructed due to irreversibilities in different components. Around 7.976% is available as the useful exergy output. The exhaust exergy lost to the environment is 20.33%, which is lower than the exhaust energy loss of 47.95%, while the useful energy output is 27.88%. The refrigerants used are of zero ODP and negligible GWP, and the CO2 emission of the exhaust gases is very small as compared to that of the fossil fuel run engine, hence, this cycle is favorable to the global environment. The results also show that the proposed cycle has signi¯cant higher energy and exergy effciency than the earlier investigated `triple effect refrigeration cycle' and `the combined power and ejectorrefrigeration cycle'.

ON HARMONIC CONVOLUTIONS INVOLVING A VERTICAL STRIP MAPPING

Kumar, Raj,Gupta, Sushma,Singh, Sukhjit,Dorff, Michael Korean Mathematical Society 2015 대한수학회보 Vol.52 No.1

Let $f_{\beta}=h_{\beta}+\bar{g}_{\beta}$ and $F_a=H_a+\bar{G}_a$ be harmonic mappings obtained by shearing of analytic mappings $h_{\beta}+g_{\beta}=1/(2isin{\beta})log\((1+ze^{i{\beta}})/(1+ze^{-i{\beta}})\)$, 0 < ${\beta}$ < ${\pi}$ and $H_a+G_a=z/(1-z)$, respectively. Kumar et al. [7] conjectured that if ${\omega}(z)=e^{i{\theta}}z^n({\theta}{\in}\mathbb{R},n{\in}\mathbb{N})$ and ${\omega}_a(z)=(a-z)/(1-az)$, $a{\in}(-1,1)$ are dilatations of $f_{\beta}$ and $F_a$, respectively, then $F_a\tilde{\ast}f_{\beta}{\in}S^0_H$ and is convex in the direction of the real axis, provided $a{\in}[(n-2)/(n+2),1)$. They claimed to have verified the result for n = 1, 2, 3 and 4 only. In the present paper, we settle the above conjecture, in the affirmative, for ${\beta}={\pi}/2$ and for all $n{\in}\mathbb{N}$.

On harmonic convolutions involving a vertical strip mapping

Raj Kumar,Sushma Gupta,Sukhjit Singh,Michael Dorff 대한수학회 2015 대한수학회보 Vol.52 No.1

Let $ f_\beta=h_\beta+\overline{g}{_\beta}$ and $F_a=H_a+\overline{G}_a$ be harmonic mappings obtained by shearing of analytic mappings $$h_\beta+g_\beta={1}/{(2i{\sin}\beta)}\log\left({(1+ze^{i\beta})}/{(1+ze^{-i\beta})}\right),~0<\beta<\pi$$ and $H_a+G_a={z}/{(1-z)}$, respectively. Kumar \emph{et al.} \cite{ku and gu} conjectured that if $\omega(z)=e^{i\theta}z^n (\theta\in\mathbb{R},\,\, n\in \mathbb{N})$ and $ \omega_a(z)={(a-z)}/{(1-az)},\,a\in(-1,1)$ are dilatations of $f_\beta$ and $F_a$, respectively, then $F_a\widetilde\ast f_\beta \, \in S_H^0$ and is convex in the direction of the real axis, provided $a\in \left[{(n-2)}/{(n+2)},1\right)$. They claimed to have verified the result for $n=1,2,3$ and $4$ only. In the present paper, we settle the above conjecture, in the affirmative, for $\beta=\pi/2$ and for all $n\in \mathbb{N}$.

Impact of instream sand mining on habitat destruction or transformation using coupling models of HSI and MLR

Raj Kumar Bhattacharya,Nilanjana Das Chatterjee,Kousik Das 대한공간정보학회 2020 Spatial Information Research Vol.28 No.1

Several human activities like sand mining, dam construction have intensive effect on river ecosystem. Instream sand mining is one of them to hindrance on riverine biota. Hence, an attempt is made in this study to assess three tier habitat degradation or alteration caused by instream sand mining from channel bed to riparian and bank site in upper, middle and lower segments of Kangsabati River. Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) is applied to detect geo referenced ecological information on two different condition i.e. habitat suitability of two dominating species of Koeleria macrantha and Cynodon dactylon (pre mining) and degraded or altered habitat incorporated with mining responses (post mining). HSI prepared five different suitable class taken seven dominating variables i.e. river channel, sandchar, riparian zone, slope, elevation, dry and moist sand layer using multiple logistic regressions (MLR) under GIS platform. MLR denotes sandchar deposition, elevation as significant variables of Koeleriamacrantha dominance along the bank while moist sand layer, riparian zone signified on Cynodondactylon dominance across the riparian site. HSI indicates lowsuitable class of Koeleriamacrantha and Cynodondactylon dominated in largest sand mining area as lower (82%, 86%), middle (58%, 89%) and upper segment (77%, 78%) whereas largest mining area under two dominant species reaches low-suitable class as lower (79%, 58%), middle (89%, 82%) and upper segment (92%, 70%) respectively. In spite of variables influence on species dominance, massive sand mining leads to destroy the habitat suitability. Therefore, in situ habitat suitability of dominant species either degraded or altered throughout the channel.