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Mills, R.W.,Slingsby, B.M.,Coleman, J.,Collins, R.,Holt, G.,Metelko, C.,Schnellbach, Y. Korean Nuclear Society 2020 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.52 No.9
The standard method for calculating anti-neutrino emissions from a reactor involves knowing the fractional fission rates for the most important fissioning nuclides in the reactor. To calculate these rates requires detailed reactor physics calculations based upon the reactor design, fuel design, burnup dependent fuel composition, location of specific fuel assemblies in the core and detailed operational data from the reactor. This has only been published for a few reactors during specific time periods, whereas to be of practical use for anti-neutrino reactor monitoring it is necessary to be able to predict these on the publicly available information from any reactor, especially if using these data to subtract the anti-neutrino signal from other reactors to identify an undeclared reactor and monitor its operation. This paper proposes a method to estimate the fission fractions for a specific reactor based upon publicly available information and provides a database based upon a series of spent fuel inventory calculations using the FISPIN10 code and its associated data libraries.
Metal-promoted C1 polymerizations
Cahoon, Collin R.,Bielawski, Christopher W. Elsevier 2018 Coordination Chemistry Reviews Vol.374 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>C1 polymerizations provide a means to grow polymer chains one carbon atom at a time. Such methodology enables the synthesis of persubstituted polymers that are challenging to prepare using conventional C2 polymerizations, which typically utilize alkene-based monomers and thus grow polymer chains two carbons at a time. Persubstituted polymers feature higher densities of pendant functional groups and, as such, offer the potential to exhibit enhanced physical and/or chemical properties over their monosubstituted C2 polymer analogues. This review summarizes the various metals that have been used to promote C1 polymerizations in a catalytic or stoichiometric manner. Discussions are stratified according to the monomers used, which are formally carbenes or carbynes and typically employed as their respective ylides, isocyanides, diazo compounds, or geminal di- or trihalides. Emphasis is placed on the scope of the polymerization chemistry, underlying mechanisms, and outstanding opportunities in the field.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> C1 polymerizations offer access to highly substituted polymers. </LI> <LI> C1 polymers often exhibit unique properties due to the high densities of functional groups. </LI> <LI> Polymerizations of diazo compounds have been catalyzed by Cu, Au, Pd, and Rh. </LI> <LI> Polymerizations of isocyanides have been catalyzed by Ni, Co, Pd, and Rh. </LI> <LI> Polymerizations of geminal di- and trihalides have been promoted with Mg, Li, Zn, and Na/K. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Calibration-Free Multichannel Ellipsometry for Retardance Measurement
안일신,오혜근,J. . Kyung,K. Y. Bang,김옥경,R. W. Collin 한국물리학회 2005 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.46 No.2
When rotating sample configurations are adopted in transmission ellipsometry, the retardance of a sample can be measured without a calibration process to find the azimuths of optical elements. Two configurations are employed: (1) rotation of sample between polarizer and analyzer whose transmission axes are fixed in parallel; (2) dual rotations of sample and compensator between polarizer and analyzer. The former is simple in design. Meanwhile, the latter shows high sensitivity for low retardance. As the transmission axes of both polarizer and analyzer are fixed in these configurations, any errors related to the source polarization or polarization sensitivity of the detector can be avoided. Moreover, both systems are easy to construct, because complicated electronics are not required to control the azimuths of optical elements. By using a multichannel detection system, retardance over 300 to 800 nm can be measured in a simple and fast way.