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- 저자 : R. JAYARAJ (검색결과 2 건)
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Violet luminescence from ZnO nanorods grown by room temperature pulsed laser deposition
R.S. Ajimsha,R. Manoj,P.M. Aneesh,M.K. Jayaraj 한국물리학회 2010 Current Applied Physics Vol.10 No.2
ZnO thin films were deposited at room temperature by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) varying the oxygen pressure. Morphological analysis using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) demonstrated the formation of ZnO nanorods at a particular oxygen pressure. Room temperature violet luminescence was observed from these ZnO nanorods and temperature dependence of luminescence was studied. Influence of oxygen pressure on the growth of ZnO thin films by PLD was studied using the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of both post ablated targets and deposited films. The ZnO films were crystalline and the formation of crystalline phase is found to follow a pressure–temperature (P–T) scaling with increase of temperature.
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Study of Volatility of New Ship Building Prices in LNG Shipping
T. Bangar RAJU,Vikas S. SENGAR,R. JAYARAJ,N. KULSHRESTHA 국제이네비해양경제학회 2016 International Journal of e-Navigation and Maritime Vol.5 No.1
The natural gas market has been expanding in size and has attracted particular attention across the global energy market. Although most natural gas transportation is carried out through pipelines, almost one third of it is done with the help of merchant vessels, capable of carrying liquefied natural gas. These LNG carriers have a special design and thus can be treated as a separate class of global fleet. New vessels are huge capital investments by vessel owning companies and just like other vessel classes; the new shipbuilding prices for the LNG segment continue to be a key aspect in the decision making of business players. Additionally these prices can be volatile as new ship building prices fluctuate with time. This paper attempts to analyse the volatility of new ship building prices of LNG carriers. For the study, the average ship building prices for all the LNG carriers having volume carrying capacity is between 160,000 – 173,000 cbm to be delivered between 2016 – 2019 were taken into account. For the analysis, GARCH and EGARCH methods were applied on the data set. The analysis concluded that there is a great deal of volatility in the new ship building prices of LNG vessels. It was also identified that negative shocks were more persistent the positive shocks.
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