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A linear power flow solution for distribution power system including PV bus and ZIP load
Hongwei Li,Li Pan,Qingzhuo Liu 대한전기학회 2019 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.14 No.5
The modern power distribution system (DPS) needs most urgently a robust and fast linear power flow (LPF) solution. The voltage controlled (PV) bus is much common in DPS with the high penetration of distributed generators (DGs) into DPS. Moreover, the conventional constant P type load should be converted into ZIP load in order to get closer to the practical load level. Thus, in this paper, with the several approximations on the voltage drop, link powers, voltage controlled bus and ZIP load, a loop-theory based linear power flow (LPLPF) was proposed with respect to voltage magnitude and phase angle under a polar coordinate system. The proposed method can account for ZIP loads, transformers, and PV type DGs in a balanced distribution network. The approximations have been tested in several distribution systems including radial, meshed and ill-conditioned (much heavy-loaded) large-scale systems. The effectiveness and advantages of the proposed LPLPF method were validated with the results of test systems and the proposed method was accurate enough and robust even in the bad voltage levels.
Kam C. Chan,Huayun Zhai,Qingzhuo Liu,Kemei Liu 한국증권학회 2020 Asia-Pacific Journal of Financial Studies Vol.49 No.1
We examine the impact of having specialized environmental courts (SPECs) on corporate risk-taking in China. SPECs allow judges and prosecutors to develop environmental expertise and are accountable for environmental violations. Thus, SPECs effectively enforce environmental regulations. Our findings suggest that when a firm is located in an SPEC jurisdiction, it engages in less corporate risk-taking than an otherwise equivalent firm located in a non- SPEC jurisdiction. The results are more pronounced for firms that receive large government environmental subsidies and that are state-owned. Additional analysis suggests that firms make more environmental investments when located in an SPEC jurisdiction.