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Yin, Q.Q.,Chang, J.,Zuo, R.Y.,Chen, L.Y.,Chen, Q.X.,Wei, X.Y.,Guan, Q.F.,Sun, J.W.,Zheng, Q.H.,Yang, X.,Ren, G.Z. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2010 Animal Bioscience Vol.23 No.2
In order to improve the availability of phytase and probiotics together, a phytase gene from Aspergillus ficuum has been expressed in Lactobacillus. In this study, the transformed Lactobacillus with phytase gene was fed to pigs to determine its effect on pig production, feed conversion and gut microbes. Forty eight, 60-day-old, castrated pigs (Duroc${\times}$Landrace${\times}$Pietrain) were assigned to 6 groups, 8 pigs for each group. Group 1 was the control, group 2 was added with chlortetracycline (500 mg/kg), group 3 was added with the transformed Lactobacillus (500 mg/kg) with 20% (w/w) of calcium monohydrogen phosphate (CMP, $CaHPO_{4}$) removed, group 4 was added with the natural Lactobacillus (500 mg/kg) with 20% (w/w) of CMP removed, group 5 was added with the transformed Lactobacillus (500 mg/kg) with 40% (w/w) of CMP removed, group 6 was added with phytase (500 mg/kg) with 40% (w/w) of CMP removed. The results showed: i) the average daily gain (ADG) was improved in groups 2, 3 and 4 (p<0.05); ii) the diarrhea rates in the groups added with Lactobacillus were lower than in the other groups (p<0.05), in which the transformed Lactobacillus had more effect on reducing digestive disease; iii) the transformed Lactobacillus was most effective in improving the digestibilities of crude protein (CP), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), compared with the other groups (p<0.05); iv) Lactobacillus could increase lactic acid bacterium number and ammonia concentrations, and decrease pH values and E. coli number in pig feces (p<0.05); v) the phytase activity in the feces of pigs fed with the transformed Lactobacillus was 133.32 U/g, which was higher than in group 4 (9.58 U/g, p<0.05), and was almost the same as group 6 (135.94 U/g); vi) the transformed Lactobacillus could increase serum concentrations of IgA, triglyceride, and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase activity (p<0.05), and had no significant effect on other serum indexes (p>0.05).
Ren, ZH.Q.,Xiong, Yuanzhu,Deng, CH.Y.,Zuo, B.,Liu, Y.G.,Lei, M.G. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2005 Animal Bioscience Vol.18 No.5
Large White, an introduced European pig breed, and Meishan, a Chinese indigenous pig breed, were hybridized directly and reciprocally and a total of 260 pigs, including purebreds, Large White and Meishan, and their hybrids, White${\times}$Meishan (LM) and Meishan${\times}$Large White (ML) pigs, were bred in our laboratory. The mRNA differential display PCR (DD-PCR) was used to detect the age-dependent changes of differential gene expression in backfat tissue between hybrids and parents. Some measures were taken to reduce the false positives in our experiment. Among the total of 2,686 bands obtained, 1,952 bands (about 72.67%) were reproducible and eight patterns (fifteen kinds) of gene expression were observed. The percentage of differentially expressed genes between hybrids and parents is 56.86% at the age of four months and 57.71% at the age of six months. This indicated that the differences of gene expression between hybrids and their parents were very obvious. U-test was used to compare the patterns of gene expression between the age of four and six months, and results showed that bands occurring in only one hybrid and bands displayed in one hybrid and one parent were significantly different at p<0.05, and bands visualized in only two hybrids were significantly different at p<0.01. These indicated that differential gene expression between hybrids and parents changed at different ages.
Ren, X.Y.,Zhao, C.X.,Niu, C.Y.,Wang, J.Q.,Jia, Y.,Cho, J.H. North-Holland 2016 Physics letters. Section A. Vol.380 No.46
<P>As the analog of carbon allotropes, new three-dimensional (3D) boron nitride (BN) allotropes have attracted much attention of researchers due to their great importance in fundamental sciences and wide practical applications. Here, based on first-principles density-functional theory calculations, we predict two new stable BN allotropes: One is H-18-BN with the P (6) over bar m2 (D-3h(1)) symmetry containing eighteen atoms in the hexagonal unit cell and the other is Rh6-BN with the R (3) over barm (C-3v(5)) symmetry containing six atoms in the rhombohedral primitive unit cell. The dynamic stabilities of the two structures are examined through the phonon spectrum analysis as well as molecular dynamics simulations, whereas the mechanical properties are analyzed by elastic constants, bulk modulus and shear modulus. From the analysis of the enthalpy evolution with respect to pressure, we find that h-BN can be transformed into either H-18-BN or RH6-BN structure under a higher pressure of similar to 15 GPa. We also find that both the H-18-BN and Rh6-BN allotropes are brittle materials with indirect band gaps of 2.31 and 4.48 eV, respectively. The simulated XRD spectra provide detailed structural information of H-18-BN and Rh6-BN for future experimental examinations. Our findings not only greatly enrich the existing structural family of 3D-BN materials but also stimulate further experiments. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>
Huang, Q.,Piao, X.S.,Ren, P.,Li, D.F. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2012 Animal Bioscience Vol.25 No.12
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of chemical composition of wheat shorts and red dog on energy and amino acid digestibility in growing pigs and to establish prediction models to estimate their digestible (DE) and metabolizable (ME) energy content and as well as their standardized ileal digestible (SID) amino acid content. For Exp. 1, sixteen diets were fed to thirty-two growing pigs according to a completely randomized design during three successive periods. The basal diet was based on corn and soybean meal while the other fifteen diets contained 28.8% wheat shorts (N = 7) or red dog (N = 8), added at the expense of corn and soybean meal. Over the three periods, each diet was fed to six pigs with each diet being fed to two pigs during each period. The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of energy in wheat shorts and red dog averaged 75.1 and 87.9%. The DE values of wheat shorts and red dog averaged 13.8 MJ/kg (range 13.1 to 15.0 MJ/kg) and 15.1 MJ/kg (range 13.3 to 16.6 MJ/kg) of dry matter, respectively. For Exp. 2, twelve growing pigs were allotted to two $6{\times}6$ Latin Square Designs with six periods. Ten of the diets were formulated based on 60% wheat shorts or red dog and the remaining two diets were nitrogen-free diets based on cornstarch and sucrose. Chromic oxide (0.3%) was used as an indigestible marker in all diets. There were no differences (p>0.05) in SID values for the amino acids in wheat shorts and red dog except for lysine and methionine. Apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and SID values for lysine in different sources of wheat shorts or red dog, which averaged 78.1 and 87.8%, showed more variation than either methionine or tryptophan. A stepwise regression was performed to establish DE, ME and amino acid digestibility prediction models. Data indicated that fiber content and amino acid concentrations were good indicators to predict energy values and amino acid digestibility, respectively. The present study confirms the large variation in the energy content and amino acid digestibility in wheat shorts and red dog, and describes the factors that influence this variation and presents equations based on chemical composition that could probably be used to predict the DE and ME values as well as the amino acid digestibility of wheat shorts and red dog.
Study on Origin and Phylogeny Status of Hu Sheep
Geng, R.Q.,Chang, H.,Yang, Z.P.,Sun, W.,Wang, L.P.,Lu, S.X.,Tsunoda, K.,Ren, Z.J. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2003 Animal Bioscience Vol.16 No.5
Applying simple random sampling in typical colony methods in the central area of habitat, 14 structural loci and 31 alleles in blood enzyme and other protein variations of Hu sheep population are examined. After collecting the same data of 11 loci about the 22 sheep colonies in China and other countries, it clusters the 23 sheep populations by fuzzy cluster analysis. The study proves that the phylogenetic relationship between Hu sheep population and Mongolia populations is relatively closed. This result obtained is shown to conform to the historical data.
Yang, R.Q.,Ren, H.Y.,Xu, S.Z.,Pan, Y.C. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2004 Animal Bioscience Vol.17 No.7
The random regression model methodology was applied into the estimation of genetic parameters for body weights in Chinese Simmental cattle to replace the traditional multiple trait models. The variance components were estimated using Gibbs sampling procedure on Bayesion theory. The data were extracted for Chinese Simmental cattle born during 1980 to 2000 from 6 national breeding farms, where records from 3 months to 36 months were only used in this study. A 3 orders Legendre polynomial was defined as the submodel to describe the general law of that body weight changing with months of age in population. The heritabilities of body weights from 3 months to 36 months varied between 0.31 and 0.48, where the heritabilities from 3 months to 12 months slightly decreased with months of age but ones from 13 months to 36 months increased with months of age. Specially, the heritabilities at eighteenth and twenty-fourth month of age were 0.33 and 0.36, respectively, which were slightly greater than 0.30 and 0.31 from multiple trait models. In addition, the genetic and phenotypic correlations between body weights at different month ages were also obtained using regression model.