Related Loan on Real Estate Firm Performance in an Emerging Market

PURWANTO, Purwanto Korea Distribution Science Association 2020 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.7 No.10

This study investigates the relationship between related loan, ownership concentration and real estate firm performance. The data was collected from 35 real estate firms listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2007 to 2012. Related loans are viewed from the angle of related lending and loan. Related lending and loan is measured by the related lending on total lending ratio and related loan on total loan ratio. Firm performance is measured by the asset turnover ratio and return on assets ratio. Ownership concentration is measured by the right cash flow. The data analysis was done with regression analysis and panel data. The results of the study found that related loans had a positive effect on sales but had no effect on profits. This supports the efficient transaction hypothesis. On the other hand, related lending has a positive effect on profits that supports opportunistic transactions. Ownership concentration moderates the effect of related loan on company's performance. The related lending are beneficial for mutually supporting activities in the real estate sector business group in Indonesia, but related loans have the potential to be used in tunneling activities. The paper contributes to the related party transaction in benefits-risks of related lending and related loan in uncertainty context.

EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURES ON HEAT PRODUCTION IN DAIRY HEIFERS DIFFERING IN FEED INTAKE LEVEL

Purwanto, B.P.,Nakamasu, F.,Yamamoto, Sadaki Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1993 Animal Bioscience Vol.6 No.2

A study using dairy heifers was conducted to determine the effect of environmental temperature on heat production differing in feed intake level. The design consisted of three levels of feed intake (low, medium and high) and two environmental chamber temperature (15 and $30^{\circ}C$) with four replications in each treatment. Rectal temperature (RT), respiration rate (RR), heart rate (HR) and heat production (HP) were then measured. At the both environmental temperature, RT, RR and HR increased with the increase in feed intake level. The RT and RR also increased with the elevation of environmental temperature. The HP of $30^{\circ}C$ was significantly higher (4.8-8.9%) than $15^{\circ}C$. The estimated metabolizable energy requirement for maintenance (MEm) was higher (p<0.05) at $30^{\circ}C$ ($554.7kJ/kg^{0.75}$ d) than $15^{\circ}C$ (464.9 kJ/kgd). It was suggested that the decreasing in productive efficiency under hot environmental conditions partly associated with the increase in HP, which associated with the change in heat loss mechanism from sensible path to evaporative path.

EFFECT OF STANDING AND LYING BEHAVIORS ON HEAT PRODUCTION OF DAIRY HEIFERS DIFFERING IN FEED INTAKE LEVELS

Purwanto, B.P.,Matsumoto, T.,Nakamasu, F.,Ito, T.,Yamamoto, Sadaki Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1993 Animal Bioscience Vol.6 No.2

Four Holstein heifers were used in the present study to investigate the effect of standing and lying behaviors on heat production and physiological responses under low (L), medium (M) and high (H) levels of TDN intake. Rectal temperature (RT), respiration rate (RR), heart rate (HR), heat production (HP) and animals behavior (standing time, ST) were measured continuously for 5h (11:00-16:00) periods. There was a tendency for increased RT with TDN intake, and no difference in RT was observed between standing and lying. The RR, HR and HP during standing were significantly higher (p<0.05) than during lying. The difference between standing and lying HP were 4.41, 4.68 and $5.37kJ/kg^{0.75}$ h for L, M and H of TDN intake, respectively. These values showed that standing HP was 18.6-20.9% higher than lying HP. A multiple regression analysis of HP ($kJ/kg^{0.75}$ h) on TDN intake ($g/kg^{0.75}$ d) and ST (min/h) was HP = 7.75 + 0.28 TDN intake + 0.12 ST (R = 0.84). This analysis showed that the total HP not only depend on feed intake levels, but also depends on animal behavior. It was suggested that the change in HP due to the change in feed intake and animal behavior would influence the level of heat loss which was indicated by the changes in the RR and HR.

Preparation and Properties of Chitosan/Montmorillonite Supported Phosphotungstic Acid Composite Membrane for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Application

Purwanto, Mochammad,Widiastuti, Nurul,Gunawan, Adrian Materials Research Society of Korea 2021 한국재료학회지 Vol.31 No.7

Chitosan powder is synthesized by a deasetylation process of chitin, obtained from processing of dried shrimp shell powder. Subsequently, chitosan (CS) membranes filled by montmorillonite (MMT) particles and phosphotungstic acid are prepared, and characterized by FT-IR and SEM. The morphology, obtained by SEM for the composite membrane, showed that MMT filler is successfully incorporated and relatively well dispersed in the chitosan polymer matrix. Water and methanol uptake for the CS/MMT composite membranes decrease with increasing MMT loadings, but IEC value increases. In all prepared CS/MMT composite membranes, the CS membrane filled by 5 wt% MMT particles exhibits the best proton conductivity, while that with 10 wt% MMT loading exhibits the lowest methanol permeability; these values are 2.67 mS·cm^-1 and 3.40 × 10^-7 cm²·s^-1, respectively. The best membrane selectivity is shown in the CS/MMT10 composite membrane; this shows that 10 wt% filled MMT is the optimum loading to improve the performance of the chitosan composite membrane. These characteristics make the developed chitosan composite membranes a promising electrolyte for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) application.

The Role of Industrial Clustering and Manufacturing Flexibility in Achieving High Innovation Capability and Operational Performance in Indonesian Manufacturing SMEs

Purwanto, Untung Setiyo,Kamaruddin, Shahrul,Mohamad, Norizah Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers 2015 Industrial Engineeering & Management Systems Vol.14 No.3

This study aims to examine the effects of industrial clustering and manufacturing flexibility on innovation capability and operational performance. This study follow a survey method to collect data pertaining to the phenomena of industrial clustering, manufacturing flexibility, innovation capability, and operational performance by utilizing a single respondent design. A total of 124 Indonesian manufacturing SMEs are taken to test the proposed theoretical model by utilizing covariance-based structural equations modeling approach. It was found that both industrial clustering and manufacturing flexibility was positively associated with operational performance and innovation capability as well. In addition, innovation capability may account for the effects of industrial clustering and manufacturing flexibility on operational performance. This implies that manufacturing SMEs have to reorient their production and operation perspectives, including agglomerate with other similar or related SMEs to develop and utilize their own resources. The SMEs also need to possess some degree of manufacturing flexibility in respond to the uncertain environment and market changes. In addition, the SMEs should put a greater emphasize to use industrial cluster and manufacturing flexibility benefits to generate innovation capability to achieve high performance.

EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURE ON HEAT PRODUCTION AND ITS ENERGY COST FOR THERMOREGULATION IN DAIRY HEIFERS

Purwanto, B.P.,Harada, M.,Yamamoto, S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1994 Animal Bioscience Vol.7 No.2

A study was conducted using four dairy heifers to determine the effect of 10, 20 and $30^{\circ}C$ environmental temperatures on the physiological responses and heat production, at a fixed level of TDN intake ($60.5\;g/kg^{0.75}\;d$). The analysis showed significant affects of environmental temperature on respiration rate (RR), mean body temperature (Tb), changes in body heat storage (S) and heat production (HP). The HP at $20^{\circ}C$ was almost the same as at $10^{\circ}C$, but the HP at $30^{\circ}C$ was 11% higher than at $10^{\circ}C$. A tendency for an elongation of standing time (ST) with the increase in environmental temperature was also observed. These results suggest that the increase in energy cost of elongation of ST ($9.2\;kJ/kg^{0.75}\;d$) and $1.3^{\circ}C$ increase in Tb ($17.3\;kJ/kg^{0.75}\;d$).

EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURE AND FEED INTAKE ON PLASMA CONCENTRATION OF THYROID HORMONES IN DAIRY HEIFERS

Purwanto, B.P.,Fujita, M.,Nishibori, M.,Yamamoto, S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1991 Animal Bioscience Vol.4 No.3

A study was conducted to determine the effect of environmental temperature and level of food intake on plasma concentration of thyroid hormones. Three dairy heifers were used in an experiment which consisted of three levels of chamber temperature (10, 20 and $30^{\circ}C$) and three levels of food intake (100, 75 and 50% of recommended requirements). The analysis showed significant effects of environmental temperature on plasma triiodothyronine concentration, rectal temperature, respiration rate and heart rate but not on heat production. The range of plasma triiodothyronine was 2.51~1.79 ng/ml when the environmental temperature varied from 10 to $30^{\circ}C$. Effects of feed intake level were significant for heart rate and heal production. Heat production decreased from 25.9 to $20.0kJ/kg^{0.75}{\cdot}h$ when the TDN intake decreased from 66.3 to $35.1g/kg^{0.75}{\cdot}d$. There was no interactive effect of environmental temperature and feed intake level. Plasma triiodothyronine concentration decreased under high environmental temperature without any changes in heat production. The effects of environmental temperature and feed intake level on the physiological function of thyroid gland, as indicated by the relative circulating rate of thyroid hormones, were found to be clear.

Preparation of Submicron- and Nanometer-Sized Particles of Y₂O₃:Eu³⁺ by Flame Spray Pyrolysis Using Ultrasonic and Two-Fluid Atomizers

Purwanto, Agus,Lenggoro, I. Wuled,Chang, Hankwon,Okuyama, Kikuo The Society of Chemical Engineers, Japan 2006 Journal of chemical engineering of Japan Vol.39 No.1

<P>Submicron- and nanometer-sized red luminescent particles (Y<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>:Eu<SUP>3+</SUP>) were successfully generated by flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) and the effect of the type of the atomizer, i.e., the ultrasonic nebulizer (UN) and the two-fluid nozzle (TFN) sprayer, on the particle characteristics was investigated. The prepared particles were characterized by field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), an X-ray diffractometry (XRD) analysis and spectrophotometry. UN-FSP produced non aggregated particles with a mean diameter of 754 nm and the relative photoluminescence (PL) intensity (ratio of emission intensity of generated particles to that of commercial particles) varied from 0.36 to 1.01. The Y<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>:Eu<SUP>3+</SUP> particles generated by TFN-FSP were softly agglomerated with a mean diameter of 24 nm and the relative PL intensity ranged from 0.21 to 0.24. Regardless of the type of the atomizer used, the generated particles were dense and spherical in the cubic phase and highly crystalline. These results show that TFN-FSP is a versatile method of producing Y<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>:Eu<SUP>3+</SUP> nanometer-sized particles compared with UN-FSP.</P>

Prevalence of Insomnia at Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Purwanto Setiyo,Ahmad Mahadir,Said Zaini,Anganthi Nisa Rachmah Nur,Kusumawati Yuli,Zulaekah Siti 대한수면학회 2023 sleep medicine research Vol.14 No.2

Background and Objective Lockdown, social confinement, and the uncertainty of the COVID-19 pandemic have increased mental health disorders and affected sleep disorders, especially insomnia. This study aims to explain the prevalence of insomnia before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Surakarta, Indonesia.Methods This cross-sectional survey was conducted twice in Surakarta city. The survey was conducted before the pandemic with 456 participants and during the pandemic with 1254 participants. All participants were selected using the purposive sampling method with criteria of age 15–44 years and having sleep problems. The online questionnaire of the Insomnia Severity Index Indonesian version (ISI–INA) was used to collect insomnia data. The statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS v25 by a descriptive test and Mann–Whitney test.Results The mean total ISI–INA scores before and during the pandemic were 13.83 and 12.54. Surveys found that the participants who suffered from subthreshold insomnia, moderate, and severe insomnia before the pandemic were 45.6%, 41.2%, and 5%, respectively, while during the pandemic 42.1%, 35%, and 3.5%, respectively. There was a difference between before and during the pandemic in the mean total ISI scores, severity of insomnia, difficulty in falling asleep and maintaining sleep, waking up too early, sleep dissatisfaction, noticeability of sleep problems by others, and interference of sleep problems with daytime activities (p < 0.05), while there was no difference in the worried about sleep problems (p > 0.05).Conclusions The prevalence of insomnia during the COVID-19 pandemic is lower than before the COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, the prevalence of insomnia remains relatively high, so gradual and continuous intervention is needed to overcome insomnia.

Rational engineering of the shikimate and related pathways in <i>Corynebacterium glutamicum</i> for 4-hydroxybenzoate production

Syukur Purwanto, Henry,Kang, Mi-Sook,Ferrer, Lenny,Han, Sang-Soo,Lee, Jin-Young,Kim, Hak-Sung,Lee, Jin-Ho Elsevier 2018 Journal of biotechnology Vol.282 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>4-Hydroxybenzoate (4HBA) is a valuable platform intermediate for the production of commodity and fine chemicals, including protocatechuate, <I>cis,cis</I>-muconic acid, adipic acid, terephthalic acid, phenol, vanillin, and 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol glycoside (gastrodin). Here we describe rational engineering of the shikimate and related pathways in <I>Corynebacterium glutamicum</I> ATCC13032 for over-producing 4HBA. As an approach to increase the carbon flux to 4HBA, we first introduced a mutated chorismate-pyruvate lyase (CPL<SUP>pr</SUP>) and feedback-resistant 3-deoxy-<SMALL>D</SMALL>-arabinoheptulosonate-7-phosphate synthases encoded by <I>ubiC<SUP>pr</SUP> </I> and <I>aroF<SUP>fbr</SUP>/aroG<SUP>fbr</SUP> </I>, respectively, from <I>Escherichia coli</I> along with blockage of carbon flux to the biosynthetic pathways for aromatic amino acids and the catabolic pathway for 4HBA by deletion of the genes <I>trpE</I> (encoding anthranilate synthase I), <I>csm</I> (chorismate mutase), and <I>pobA</I> (4HBA hydroxylase). In particular, CPL<SUP>pr</SUP> less sensitive to product inhibition was incorporated into the microorganism to enhance the conversion of chorismate to 4HBA. The subsequent steps involved expression of <I>aroE</I> (shikimate kinase) and <I>aroCKB</I> in the shikimate pathway and deletion of <I>qsuABD</I> coding for enzymes involved in the quinate/shikimate degradation pathway. Finally, to reduce accumulation of pathway intermediates, shikimate and 3-dehydroshikimate, shikimate-resistant AroK from <I>Methanocaldococcus jannaschii</I> was introduced. The resulting strain was shown to produce 19.0 g/L (137.6 mM) of 4HBA with a molar yield of 9.65% after 65 h in a fed-batch fermentation. The engineered strain can also be effectively applied for the production of other products derived from the shikimate pathway.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Rational engineering of the shikimate and related pathways for 4-hydroxybenzoate production. </LI> <LI> Pathway extending into 4-hydroxybenzoate by introduction of a feedback-resistant chorismate-pyruvate lyase. </LI> <LI> Optimization of shikimate pathway established. </LI> <LI> Modulation of the quinate/shikimate degradation pathway established. </LI> <LI> Strategy to reduce accumulation of pathway intermediates generated. </LI> </UL> </P>