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Praharaj, N.K.,Reddy, M.R.,Panda, A.K.,Rama Rao, S.V.,Sharma, R.P. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2002 Animal Bioscience Vol.15 No.8
An experiment was conducted to assess the interaction between genotypes and dietary lysine content in commercial broiler chicks by measuring growth, and response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and Escherichia coli (E.coli) inoculation. Female chicks from four genotypes (A=Anak 2000; B=Hubbard; C=Cobb and D=Synthetic broiler) were fed four levels of lysine in diet from d old till the end of experiment. The lysine content of the diet was 9.61, 10.51, 11.41 and 12.31 g/kg. Body weights at 0, 14, 28 and 42 d of age and pen-wise feed intake till 14, 28 and 42 d of age were recorded. Production of antibody against SRBC and resistance to E.coli were measured at 5 d of post inoculation (PI) at 43 d of age. Also, response to phytohemaglutinin-P (PHA-P) was measured at 12 and 24 h of PI at 48 d of age. Genotype by dietary lysine interaction was significant for body weights at 14 and 28 d of age, but not at 42 d of age. Genotype by dietary lysine interaction was not significant for feed efficiency, for antibody titers against SRBC, and for air sac lesion score, relative bodyweight change, and relative weights of bursa and spleen in response to E.coli inoculation. However, a significant interaction was observed between the levels of lysine and dosage of SRBC for antibody titers. There was significant genotype by dietary lysine interaction for cutaneous basophilic hypersensitivity (CBH) response to PHA-P at 12 and 24 h of PI. It may be concluded that to obtain optimum body weight and immunity in commercial broilers the dietary lysine requirement may be recommended specific to the genotype.
Composition dependent crossover from ferroelectric to relaxor-ferroelectric in NBT-ST-KNN ceramics
Singha A.,Praharaj S.,Rout S.K.,Rout D. 한국물리학회 2022 Current Applied Physics Vol.36 No.-
Composition driven crossover from ferroelectric (FE) to relaxor-ferroelectric (RFE) is systematically investigated in (0.8-x)(Na0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-0.2SrTiO3-x(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 (NBT-ST-xKNN) ceramics in the light of ferroelectric and dielectric (ε) response. The appearance of constricted polarization-electric field loop and double current densityelectric field peaks in the proximity of x = 0.02 suggests a co-existence of FE and RFE phases. The system attains a maximumε ~4200 and tan δ < 0.1 at x = 0.02. Broad ε(T) peaks reveal a greater degree of disorder due to KNN substitution and their deconvolution demonstrates three different relaxation/polarization processes related to low and high-temperature nanodomains. The composition with x = 0.1 exhibits maximum broadness in ε(T) profiles resulting in a temperature-insensitive permittivity variation of ±15% (ε125 ◦C,100 kHz~2007) over a span of ~280 ◦ C. A remarkably low (TCε)100kHz of − 75 ppm/◦ C is also achieved for x = 0.1 from 100 to 300 ◦C proposing it to be a potential capacitor material.