Influence of Fragrances on Psychophysiological Functions in Healing Agriculture

Ponnuvel Deepa,손하라라잔 칸다사미,김성문 한국잔디학회 2023 Weed & Turfgrass Science Vol.12 No.3

In aromatherapy, fragrances produced from various natural products have played a key role in the psychophysiological functions of human beings for hundreds of years. Fragrances are volatile components with <300 Dalton (Da) molecular weight. Fragrant components are perceived by humans via the olfactory sensory neurons in the olfactory system. Numerous studies documented that exposure to fragrances rapidly affects human behavior and cognitive functions by altering brain wave activity. Among different electrophysiological methods, an electroencephalograph (EEG) can be effectively used to identify the negative or positive impacts of fragrances on brain functions. The EEG recording offers information regarding the physiological state of the brain by measuring the changes in brain waves (delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma). The activation of a respective wave is closely associated with the particular brain function. In this context, several studies have been performed to determine the effect of fragrance inhalation on human brain functions such as cognition, mood, and social behavior. In this review, we discussed the influence of fragrances on the psychophysiological functions of humans from previously published papers. This review could be useful to develop different perfumery products in order to improve human brain functions. In addition, this review is highly likely to be used in the field of healing agriculture, which has recently risen in the field of agriculture.

A role of <i>Ficus</i> species in the management of diabetes mellitus: A review

Deepa, Ponnuvel,Sowndhararajan, Kandhasamy,Kim, Songmun,Park, Se Jin Elsevier 2018 Journal of Ethnopharmacology Vol.215 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Ethnopharmacological relevance</B></P> <P>Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common global health concerns, with a rapidly increasing incidence. A variety of medicinal plants, particularly those belonging to the genus <I>Ficus</I> (Moraceae), and their active compounds have been used to treat diabetes and related chronic disorders since ancient times.</P> <P><B>Aim of the study</B></P> <P>The aim of this review is to provide information regarding traditional and scientific knowledge of <I>Ficus</I> species with antidiabetic activity to researchers.</P> <P><B>Materials and methods</B></P> <P>A literature search was conducted to obtain information about the antidiabetic properties of <I>Ficus</I> from the electronic databases. Common and scientific names of various <I>Ficus</I> species were used as keywords for the search, along with the terms antidiabetic, hypoglycemic and diabetes.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>Among the assorted species of <I>Ficus</I> that were included in our search, <I>F. benghalensis</I>, <I>F. carica</I>, <I>F. glomerata</I>, <I>F. glumosa</I>, <I>F. racemosa</I>, and <I>F. religiosa</I> exhibited remarkable antidiabetic properties with various mechanisms of action. Moreover, <I>Ficus</I> species are versatile sources of bioactive metabolites such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, tannins, alkaloids, glycosides, coumarins, triterpenoids, sterols and vitamin E. These extracts and isolated compounds significantly have enhanced insulin secretion and subsequently reduced blood glucose level in various <I>in vivo</I> studies.</P> <P><B>Conclusion</B></P> <P>This review summarizes the antidiabetic potentials of the genus <I>Ficus</I>, including pharmacological studies with mechanisms of action as well as ethnobotanical uses. This review can help inform future scientific research towards the development of novel antidiabetic drugs.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Expression of the Heat Shock Protein Genes in Response to Thermal Stress in the Silkworm Bombyx mori

Velu, Dhanikachalam,Ponnuvel, Kangayam. M.,Qadri, Syed. M. Hussaini Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2008 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.16 No.1

The expression of heat shock protein genes (Hsp 70, Hsp 40, Hsp 20.8 and Hsp 20.4) against thermal stress in silkworm Bombyx mori was performed through semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Upon exposure of silkworm to two temperature regimes ($38^{\circ}C$ and $42^{\circ}C$), significant change in the expression of Hsp gene was observed as compared to the control. Hsp 70 and Hsp 40 showed increased expression than the small heat shock protein genes Hsp 20.8 and Hsp 20.4. The Hsp 70 showed increased expression during the recovery period as compared to 1 hr thermal treatments ($38^{\circ}C$/1 hr and $42^{\circ}C$/1 hr). Whereas, Hsp 40, Hsp 20.8 and Hsp 20.4 genes showed higher expression level at initial stages that later gradually decrease during recovery period. Tissue specific expression of Hsp 70 showed variation in the level of expression amongst the tissues. The mid gut and fat body tissues showed higher expression than the cuticle and silk gland tissue. The Hsp 70, Hsp 40 gene expression was analyzed in thermotolerant (Nistari) and thermo susceptible silk worm strain (NB4D2) and results showed significant variation in their expression level. The Nistari showed higher expression of Hsp 70 and Hsp 40 genes than the NB4D2. These findings provide a better understanding of cellular protection mechanisms against environmental stress such as heat shock, as these Hsps are involved in an organism thermotolerance.

Genomic Organization of Heat Shock Protein Genes of Silkworm Bombyx mori

Velu, Dhanikachalam,Ponnuvel, Kangayam M.,Qadri, Sayed M. Hussaini Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2007 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.15 No.2

The Hsp 20.8 and Hsp 90 cDNA sequence retrieved from NCBI database and consists of 764 bp and 2582 bp lengths respectively. The corresponding cDNA homologus sequences were BLAST searched in Bombyx mori genomic DNA database and two genomic contigs viz., BAAB01120347 and AADK01011786 showed maximum homology. In B. mori Hsp 20.8 and Hsp 90 is encoded by single gene without intron. Specific primers were used to amplify the Hsp 20.8 gene and Hsp 90 variable region from genomic DNA by using the PCR. Obtained products were 216 bp in Hsp 20.8 and 437 bp in Hsp 90. There was no variation found in the six silkworm races PCR products size of contrasting response to thermal tolerance. The comparison of the sequenced nucleotide variations through multiple sequence alignment analysis of Hsp 90 variable region products of three races not showed any differences respect to their thermotolerance and formed the clusters among the voltinism. The comparison of aminoacid sequences of B. mori Hsps with dipteran and other insect taxa revealed high percentage of identity growing with phylogenetic relatedness of species. The conserved domains of B. mori Hsps predicted, in which the Hsp 20.8 possesses ${\alpha}-crystallin$ domain and Hsp 90 holds HATPase and Hsp 90 domains.

Identification of Diapause and Non-diapause Associated Proteins in the Eggs of Multivoltine Silkworm Bombyx mori by MALDI MS Analysis

Saravanakumar, Ragunathan,Ponnuvel, Kangayam M.,Velu, Dhanikachalam,Koundinya, Panguluri R.,Sinha, Randir K.,Qadri, Syed M. Hussaini Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2008 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.16 No.2

The diapause and non diapause associated proteins of multivoltine silkworm eggs were analysed by two dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis. The study was made at 0 hr, 24 hrs and 48 hrs after oviposition. A total of four protein spots in diapause eggs at 24 hrs of oviposition and two protein spots in non diapause eggs at 0 hrs of oviposition were observed. All the six protein spots were considered to have association with diapause and non diapause characters. The molecular weight (MW) and isoelectric point (PI) of these 6 protein spots were calculated. The protein spots 1 and 2 observed in 0 hr of non diapause eggs were found to have the MW of 67 and 75 KDa and PI of 8.6 and 8.4 respectively. Similarly the four protein spots observed in diapause egg at 24 hrs of oviposition exhibited MW viz., 15, 17,20 and 25 KDa and PI of 5.3, 5.8, 6.5 and 6.0 respectively. All these 6 identified protein spots were subjected to in-gel digestion and resulted tryptic peptides were analyzed by Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF-MS). Databases searched based on experimentally determined molecular weights of peptides for the determination of the identities of proteins. The identified proteins indicated homology of 34% to 95%. The results indicate that the proteins may playa role in development of diapause and non diapause eggs.

Research Articles : Expression of the Heat Shock Protein Genes in Response to Thermal Stress in the Silkworm Bombyx mori

( Dhanikachalam Velu ),( Kangayam. M. Ponnuvel ),( Syed. M. Hussaini Qadri ) 한국잠사학회 2008 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.16 No.1

The expression of heat shock protein genes (Hsp 70, Hsp 40, Hsp 20.8 and Hsp 20.4) against thermal stress in silkworm Bombyx mori was performed through semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Upon exposure of silkworm to two temperature regimes (38℃ and 42℃), significant change in the expression of Hsp gene was observed as compared to the control. Hsp 70 and Hsp 40 showed increased expression than the small heat shock protein genes Hsp 20.8 and Hsp 20.4. The Hsp 70 showed increased expression during the recovery period as compared to 1 hr thermal treatments (38℃/1 hr and 42℃/1 hr). Whereas, Hsp 40, Hsp 20.8 and Hsp 20.4 genes showed higher expression level at initial stages that later gradually decrease during recovery period. Tissue specific expression of Hsp 70 showed variation in the level of expression amongst the tissues. The mid gut and fat body tissues showed higher expression than the cuticle and silk gland tissue. The Hsp 70, Hsp 40 gene expression was analyzed in thermotolerant (Nistari) and thermo susceptible silk worm strain (NB4D2) and results showed significant variation in their expression level. The Nistari showed higher expression of Hsp 70 and Hsp 40 genes than the NB4D2. These findings provide a better understanding of cellular protection mechanisms against environmental stress such as heat shock, as these Hsps are involved in an organism thermotolerance.

Genetic Diversity among Indian Oak Tasar Silkworm, Antheraea proylei J. Revealed by ISSR Markers

Devi, Kanghujam Ibsorani,Ponnuvel, Kangayam M.,Singh, Laishram Somen,Singh, Kangjam Chaoba,Dutta, Karabi Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2012 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.24 No.2

The Indian Oak Tasar silkworm, Antheraea proylei J. is a beneficial insect with great economic importance in India for its silk production. In this study, six populations of Antheraea proylei and A. frithi Moore (as an out group) were subjected to inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) marker analysis in order to assess its genetic diversity. Fifteen ISSR primers produced 91 markers among different breeds of A. proylei and A. frithi of which 89 are polymorphic, generating 97.8% polymorphism. The dendrogram constructed using the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) and cluster analysis made using Nei's genetic distance resulted in the formation of one major group containing four sub-groups separating the breeds. This result suggests that ISSR amplification is potentially useful for molecular characterization of oak tasar silkworm genotypes.

An overview of neuroprotective and cognitive enhancement properties of lignans from <i>Schisandra chinensis</i>

Sowndhararajan, Kandhasamy,Deepa, Ponnuvel,Kim, Minju,Park, Se Jin,Kim, Songmun Elsevier 2018 Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy Vol.97 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P> <I>Schisandra chinensis</I> fruits have been traditionally used for thousands of years in Korea, China and Japan to treat various ailments. The fruits contain a variety of bioactive metabolites, especially lignan components have been reported to have various biological activities and have potential in the treatment of numerous neurodegenerative diseases. The lignans from <I>S. chinensis</I> are mainly grouped under dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans. Previous studies have reported that the crude extracts and the isolated pure lignan components effectively protect the neuronal cell damage and significantly enhance the cognitive performances. The experimental findings support the extracts and lignan components from <I>S. chinensis</I> can be used as new therapeutic agents to treat various neurodegenerative diseases. In the current review, we highlight the lignans from <I>S. chinensis</I> as promising resources for the development of natural and effective agents for neuroprotective and cognitive enhancement effects. The lignan extracts and individual compounds from <I>S. chinensis</I> were summarized in relation to their neuroprotective and cognitive enhancement activities.</P>

Research Articles : Identification of Diapause and Non-diapause Associated Proteins in the Eggs of Multivoltine Silkworm Bombyx mori by MALDI MS Analysis

( Ragunathan Saravanakumar ),( Kangayam M. Ponnuvel ),( Dhanikachalam Velu ),( Panguluri R. Koundinya ),( Randir K. Sinha ),( Syed M. Hussaini Qadri ) 한국잠사학회 2008 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.16 No.2

The diapause and non diapause associated proteins of multivoltine silkworm eggs were analysed by two dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis. The study was made at 0 hr, 24 hrs and 48 hrs after oviposition. A total of four protein spots in diapause eggs at 24 hrs of oviposition and two protein spots in non diapause eggs at 0 hrs of oviposition were observed. All the six protein spots were considered to have association with diapause and non diapause characters. The molecular weight (MW) and isoelectric point (PI) of these 6 protein spots were calculated. The protein spots 1 and 2 observed in 0 hr of non diapause eggs were found to have the MW of 67 and 75 KDa and PI of 8.6 and 8.4 respectively. Similarly the four protein spots observed in diapause egg at 24 hrs of oviposition exhibited MW viz., 15, 17, 20 and 25 KDa and PI of 5.3, 5.8, 6.5 and 6.0 respectively. All these 6 identified protein spots were subjected to in-gel digestion and resulted tryptic peptides were analyzed by Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF-MS). Databases searched based on experimentally determined molecular weights of peptides for the determination of the identities of proteins. The identified proteins indicated homology of 34% to 95%. The results indicate that the proteins may play a role in development of diapause and non diapause eggs.

Molecular methods for diagnosis of microbial pathogens in muga silkworm, Antheraea assamensis Helfer (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)

Gangavarapu Subrahmanyam,Kangayam M Ponnuvel,Kallare P Arunkumar,Kamidi Rahul,S. Manthira Moorthy,Vankadara Sivaprasad 한국잠사학회 2023 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.47 No.1

The Indian golden muga silkworm, Antheraea assamensis Helfer is an economically important wild silkworm endemic to Northeastern part of India. In recent years, climate change has posed a threat to muga silk production due to the requirement that larvae be reared outdoors. Since the muga silkworm larvae are exposed to the vagaries of nature, the changing climate has increased the incidence of microbial diseases in the rearing fields. Accurate diagnosis of the disease causing pathogens and its associated epidemiology are prerequisites to manage the diseases in the rearing field. Although conventional microbial culturing methods are widely used to identify pathogenic bacteria, they would not provide meaningful information on a wide variety of silkworm pathogens. The information on use of molecular diagnostic tools in detection of microbial pathogens of wild silk moths is very limited. A wide range of molecular and immunodiagnostic techniques including denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), random amplified polymorphism (RAPD), 16S rRNA/ITSA gene sequencing, multiplex polymerase chain reaction (M-PCR), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), immunofluorescence, and repetitive-element PCR (Rep-PCR), have been used for detecting and characterizing the pathogens of insects with economic significance. Nevertheless, the application of these molecular tools for detecting and typing entomopathogens in surveillance studies of muga silkworm rearing is very limited. Here, we discuss the possible application of these molecular techniques, their advantages and major limitations. These methods show promise in better management of diseases in muga ecosystem.