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Der Arbeitskampf in der Privatrechtsordnung
Picker, Eduard 忠南大學校 法學硏究所 1994 法學硏究 Vol.5 No.1
이 講演의 對象은 現代法에서 勞動爭議의 役割이다. 여기서는 勞動爭議가 現體系와 合致되는 意味를 가지는 可能性 및 이로써 또한 勞動爭議가 私法秩序의 규칙 및 價値判斷과 통합될 可能性을 證明하고자 하는 것이다:勞動爭議는 적절한, 즉:그 歷史的으로 生成된 機能을 지향한, 따라서 엄격하게 團體協約自治의 補助手段으로서의 任務와 관련하여 解釋을 할 때 勤勞條件과 經濟條件을 규정함에 있어서도 오로지 본래의 形成方法으로서의 自由로운 去來와 法律行爲에 의한 契約締結을 保障하기 위한 手段이다. 勞動爭議는 오로지 이 方法의 適用을 위하여 不可缺한, 當事者의 힘의 對等性이라는 前提條件을 만드는 것이다. 그 기초를 정하는 것은 동시에 허용된 勞動爭議行爲의 限界의 명확한 설정을 위한 前提條件을 만드는 것이다. 이를 밝히는 것은 오늘날 특히 전혀 새로운 勞動爭議方式(예컨대 職場占據)과 관련하여 대단히 중요하다. 전체적으로 이 논술은 本人이 여러 論文에서 발전시킨 非自主的 勞動의 市場에 적합한, 法律行爲에 의한 去來에 대한 고찰의 계속이다.
The Impact of Municipal Mergers on Local Public Spending: Evidence from Remote-Sensing Data
Steve Pickering,Seiki Tanaka,Kyohei Yamada 동아시아연구원 2020 Journal of East Asian Studies Vol.20 No.2
How are resources distributed when administrative units merge? We take advantage of recent, large-scale municipal mergers in Japan to systematically study the impact of municipal mergers within merged municipalities and, in particular, what politicians do when their districts and constituencies suddenly change. We argue that when rural and sparsely populated municipalities merge with more urban and densely populated municipalities, residents of the former are likely to see a reduced share of public spending because they lost political leverage through the merger. Our empirical analyses detect changes in public spending before and after the municipal mergers with remote sensing data, which allows for flexible units of analysis and enables us to proxy for spending within merged municipalities. Overall, our results show that politicians tend to reduce benefits allocated to areas where there are a small number of voters, while increasing the allocation to more populous areas. The micro-foundation of our argument is also corroborated by survey data. The finding suggests that, all things being equal, the quantity rather than quality of electorates matters for politicians immediately after political units change.
Deregulation of DNA Damage Signal Transduction by Herpesvirus Latency-Associated M2
Liang, Xiaozhen,Pickering, Mary T.,Cho, Nam-Hyuk,Chang, Heesoon,Volkert, Michael R.,Kowalik, Timothy F.,Jung, Jae U. American Society for Microbiology 2006 Journal of virology Vol.80 No.12
<B>ABSTRACT</B><P>Infected cells recognize viral replication as a DNA damage stress and elicit a DNA damage response that ultimately induces apoptosis as part of host immune surveillance. Here, we demonstrate a novel mechanism where the murine gamma herpesvirus 68 (γHV68) latency-associated, anti-interferon M2 protein inhibits DNA damage-induced apoptosis by interacting with the DDB1/COP9/cullin repair complex and the ATM DNA damage signal transducer. M2 expression constitutively induced DDB1 nuclear localization and ATM kinase activation in the absence of DNA damage. Activated ATM subsequently induced Chk activation and p53 phosphorylation and stabilization without eliciting H2AX phosphorylation and MRN recruitment to foci upon DNA damage. Consequently, M2 expression inhibited DNA repair, rendered cells resistant to DNA damage-induced apoptosis, and induced a G1 cell cycle arrest. Our results suggest that γHV68 M2 blocks apoptosis-mediated intracellular innate immunity, which might ultimately contribute to its role in latent infection.</P>
The IR - induced Mechanism of Crevice Corrosion of Iron in the Various Electrolytes
Cho, Kye Hyun,Pickering, Howard W. 한국부식학회 1998 Corrosion Science and Technology Vol.27 No.4
In this paper, we demonstrate the experimental proof of the IR-induced mechanism on crevice corrosion process that operates for iron in various electrolytes. This mechanism was proven to be accommodated the alternative mechanism in acid electrolyte and in the absence of chloride ion, e.g., acidification of the cavity electrolyte, in some degree. Therefore, the key parameters of the localized corrosion (acidification and accumulation of chloride ion) are interpreted by modelling experimental results for their role in promoting localized corrosion in terms of the IR drop mechanism. In order to confirm IR-drop mechanism, the local electrode potential inside the crevice and the pH of the solution were measured and correlated to visually observed changes occurring within the crevice of an iron sample during the crevice corrosion process. Chloride anions enhance crevice corrosion process by increasing the size of active loop and, thus, the magnitude of the current flowing out of the artificial crevice (increase of IR), and they cause a modest shift of E_(pass) in the noble direction which produces a small decrease in IR^*. Also, the role of the solution resistance on localized corrosion process was compared with the values of I and/or E in order to confirm this mechanism.