Investigating energy partitioning during photosynthesis using an expanded quantum yield convention

Ahn, T.K.,Avenson, T.J.,Peers, G.,Li, Z.,Dall'Osto, L.,Bassi, R.,Niyogi, K.K.,Fleming, G.R. Elsevier Science Publishers [etc.] 2009 Chemical physics Vol.357 No.1

In higher plants, regulation of excess absorbed light is essential for their survival and fitness, as it enables avoidance of a build up of singlet oxygen and other reactive oxygen species. Regulation processes (known as non-photochemical quenching; NPQ) can be monitored by steady-state fluorescence on intact plant leaves. Pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) measurements of chlorophyll a fluorescence have been used for over 20 years to evaluate the amount of NPQ and photochemistry (PC). Recently, a quantum yield representation of NPQ (Φ<SUB>NPQ</SUB>), which incorporates a variable fraction of open reaction centers, was proposed by Hendrickson et al. [L. Hendrickson, R.T. Furbank, W.S. Chow, Photosynth. Res. 82 (2004) 73]. In this work we extend the quantum yield approach to describe the yields of reversible energy-dependent quenching (Φ<SUB>qE</SUB>), state transitions to balance PC between photosystems II and I (Φ<SUB>qT</SUB>), and photoinhibition quenching associated with damaged reaction centers (Φ<SUB>qI</SUB>). We showed the additivity of the various quantum yield components of NPQ through experiments on wild-type and npq1 strains of Arabidopsis thaliana. The quantum yield approach enables comparison of Φ<SUB>qE</SUB> with data from a variety of techniques used to investigate the mechanism of qE. We showed that Φ<SUB>qE</SUB> for a series of A. thaliana genotypes scales linearly with the magnitude of zeaxanthin cation formation, suggesting that charge-transfer quenching is largely responsible for qE in plants.

Indian community-based housing finance systems: potentials and pitfalls for urban development and housing improvement

Peer Smets 서울시립대학교 도시과학연구원 2019 도시과학국제저널 Vol.23 No.4

In developing and emerging countries, housing finance is mainly mortgage finance in combination with Western unsecured credit, both of which do not serve the bottom of the income pyramid. Poorer sections of society depend on incremental finance for building their houses. A combination of different sources is usually used including individual servicing of housing finance and community-based housing finance. Community-based financing covers a relatively small section of the housing finance market. In the formal financial sector, such initiatives include mainly credit unions and cooperatives. In the informal sector, a much broader kaleidoscope of community-based financing schemes and links with banks exists. This paper provides an overview of three kinds of informal community-based housing finance associations: rotating savings and credit associations, savings associations and accumulating savings and credit associations. These examples can be seen as a source of good practices. However, schemes that are commodified can have a huge potential for the development of informal settlements, but can also become instruments of institutions, benefiting the state and the better off, who profit at the expense of those at the bottom of the income pyramid.

Amenability of Indigenous Genotypes of Cabbage to Scavenge and Accumulate Nitrogen: Importance of Staggered Application and Root Morphology

Peer Saffeullah,Saima Liaqat,Neelofer Nabi,Tinu Anand Kain,Tariq Omar Siddiqi,Sayeed Ahmad,Shahid Umar 한국식물학회 2020 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.63 No.6

Injudicious use of chemical fertilizers particularly nitrogen to crops has increased dramatically in the last half-century and, therefore, identifying crop varieties with improved nitrogen efficiency is urgent for sustainable development. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted to screen the intrinsic nitrogen efficiency of eleven cabbage genotypes on the basis of various morpho-physiological and biochemical parameters related to nitrogen metabolism. High genotypic variation was found in nitrogen metabolizing enzymes. A significant variation in nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase activity was found between contrasting (low and high) nitrogen efficient genotypes in all the nitrogen treatments. The experimental data were subjected to Principal component analysis and Agglomerate hierarchical clustering. Based on the data, Early Golden Acre and Pusa Drumhead were screened as low and high nitrogen efficiency genotypes respectively. Our study identifies low and high nitrogen efficient genotypes in cabbage which can be used in breeding programs and could help in addressing the problem of nitrate pollution in the environment and also could lessen the economic burden of fertilizers on farmers.

SINGLE OBJECTIVE LAYOUT DESIGN OF USER INTERFACE COMPONENTS WITH MULTIPLE QUALITATIVE FACTORS

Peer, S.K.,Sharma, Dinesh-K. 한국전산응용수학회 2004 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.14 No.1

The purpose of this paper is to present a model to design the layout of the user interface components that handles many numbers of qualitative factors. An alternate rating system is also proposed for the closeness relationship ratings between the various pairs of components evaluated by using GOMS (goals, operators, methods and selection rules) technique. The proposed model is applied to the design of the part of the user interface in order to obtain the best layout of the components. The results of the proposed model are compared with that of an existing model, which handles single qualitative factor applied to obtain the layouts of user interface components.

Migration in propinquity with development: a spatial analysis of Kashmir Valley, India

Peer Jeelani,Farzana Ahad,Shamim Ahmad Shah,Huma Rashid,Nazia Bano 대한공간정보학회 2023 Spatial Information Research Vol.31 No.4

Migration is the primary demographic process that shapes where people live and plays an essential role in how humans have changed over time. People migrate for various reasons, but the predicted economic disparity between industrialized and developing regions is a powerful motivator for people to relocate. As a result, migration has an impact on development, and development also affects migration. Because of the vast differences in development among India's regions, the future of population dynamics will rely more on migration than fertility and mortality processes. The present paper analyzes the spatial patterns of internal migration, variations in the level of development, and the propinquity between the two. Secondary data were used from the census of India, government reports, and research publications. Data were analysed using Karl Pearson's correlation coefficient and a t-test to test the observed correlation's significance. The results revealed a high positive correlation between internal migration and levels of development (r = 0.791). Out of thirty-three development variables, only sixteen have a higher significant relationship with internal migration, which mainly determines population characteristics, education facilities, employment opportunities, and infrastructural facilities.

Drug Interactions with OTC Medications

Honig, Peer K.,Gillespie, Bradley K. Medical Publications Korea 1997 Medical Progress Vol.19 No.6

MISCLASSIFICATION IN SIZE-BIASED MODIFIED POWER SERIES DISTRIBUTION AND ITS APPLICATIONS

ANWAR HASSAN,PEER BILAL AHMAD 한국산업응용수학회 2009 Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and A Vol.13 No.1

A misclassified size-biased modified power series distribution (MSBMPSD) where some of the observations corresponding to x = c + 1 are misclassified as x = c with probability α, is defined. We obtain its recurrence relations among the raw moments, the central moments and the factorial moments. Discussion of the effect of the misclassification on the variance is considered. To illustrate the situation under consideration some of its particular cases like the size-biased generalized negative binomial (SBGNB), the size-biased generalized Poisson (SBGP) and sizebiased Borel distributions are included. Finally, an example is presented for the size-biased generalized Poisson distribution to illustrate the results.

On The Bayes Estimator of Parameter And Reliability Function Of The Zero-Truncated Poisson Distribution

( Anwar Hassan ),( Peer Bilal Ahmad ),( M. Ishaq Bhatti ) 한국산업응용수학회(구 한국산업정보응용수학회) 2008 한국산업정보응용수학회 Vol.12 No.2

In this paper Bayes estimator of the parameter and reliability function of the zero-truncated Poisson distribution are obtained. Furthermore, recurrence relations for the estimator of the parameter are also derived. Monte Carlo simulation technique has been made for comparing the Bayes estimator and reliability function with the corresponding maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) of zero-truncated Poisson distribution.

Single objective layout design of user interface components with multiple qualitative factors

S. K. Peer,Dinesh K. Sharma 한국전산응용수학회 2004 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.14 No.-

The purpose of this paper is to present a model to design the layout of the user interface components that handles many numbers of qualitative factors. An alternate rating system is also proposed for the closeness relationship ratings between the various pairs of components evaluated by using GOMS (goals, operators, methods and selection rules) technique. The proposed model is applied to the design of the part of the user interface in order to obtain the best layout of the components. The results of the proposed model are compared with that of an existing model, which handles single qualitative factor applied to obtain the layouts of user interface components.

Experimental evaluation on oxidation stability of biodiesel/diesel blends with alcohol addition by rancimat instrument and FTIR spectroscopy

Mohamed Shameer Peer,Ramesh Kasimani,Sakthivel Rajamohan,Purnachandran Ramakrishnan 대한기계학회 2017 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.31 No.1

Use of alcohols blended with biodiesel as alternative fuel in diesel engine is an attractive solution for depletion and demand of fossil fuels in transportation and industrial applications. Calophyllum Inophyllum is a higher oil yielding species with high heating value and notably non-edible oil. One of the most important criteria used for assessing the quality of biodiesel blended fuel is ‘storage oxidation stability’. Deprived oxidation stability is the important technical obstacle associated with the biodiesel commercialization. This study investigated the oxidation stability of biodiesel blends at 100 % (B100) and 20 % (B20) volume concentrations with diesel through induction time determined by Rancimat instrument. Effects of pentanol addition with B20 biodiesel at 10 % (P10) and 15 % (P15) volume concentrations are also analyzed. FTIR spectroscopy characterizes the oxidation variability of all test fuels. It can be concluded that the biodiesel (B100) shows good oxidation stability (I.P = 8.47 h). Addition of pentanol (10 %) enhances the storage ability by 44.57 % than B20, whereas further addition of pentanol (15 %) declines by 19.48 % when compared to P10. More concentration of pentanol weakens the hydrophilic and hydrophobic clusters formed between pentanol/diesel/biodiesel compounds which have been characterized using infra red spectroscopic analysis.