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- 저자 : Paquot, Michel (검색결과 5 건)
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Planetary Urbanisation with or without Cities
Thierry Paquot 부산대학교 한국민족문화연구소 2011 Localities Vol.1 No.-
In order to analyse the different kinds of global urbanization and to explore the challenge beneath it, the author describes the three phases of City History. The first city grew from the farming surplus and their destiny was tied to the farming economy. The rise of the capitalism in 16th century call for a new era. The City became mainly places of market trade. The industrial revolution was the third milestone, which we are just leaving now entering in the globalization. The author lists the five urban shapes: the slum, the megapolis, the world-sized city, the gated community, and the small and medium city. He also notices the existence of diffusing urban base on each continent. The challenges are numerous and highly tangled. The author suggests to combine the four main questions that every human being asks themselves about, the social question, the urban question, the knowledge question and the environmental question. I then conclude by opening a few leads for an ecological urbanization on various scales.
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[Articles]Planetary Urbanisation with or without Cities
Thierry Paquot 부산대학교 한국민족문화연구소 2011 Localities Vol.- No.1
In order to analyse the different kinds of global urbanization and to explore the challenge beneath it, the author describes the three phases of City History. The first city grew from the farming surplus and their destiny was tied to the farming economy. The rise of the capitalism in 16th century call for a new era. The City became mainly places of market trade. The industrial revolution was the third milestone, which we are just leaving now entering in the globalization. The author lists the five urban shapes: the slum, the megapolis, the world-sized city, the gated community, and the small and medium city. He also notices the existence of diffusing urban base on each continent. The challenges are numerous and highly tangled. The author suggests to combine the four main questions that every human being asks themselves about, the social question, the urban question, the knowledge question and the environmental question. I then conclude by opening a few leads for an ecological urbanization on various scales.
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Thierry Paquot 부산대학교 한국민족문화연구소 2013 Localities Vol.- No.3
After describing the stages of the history of this new field called urban planning, and its progressive spreading in the West and around the world since the late nineteenth century, the author will be wondering about its future. Isn’t it linked to its conditions of birth: the industrial society of “solid capitalism”? With the globalization, shouldn’t we rethink urban planning and consider the new forms of urbanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America? The world is entering a new period in which several “models” will coexist in a variety of combinations, often for the worse and perhaps sometimes for the best.
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Goffin, Dorothee,Bystricky, Peter,Shashkov, Alexander S.,Lynch, Mary,Hanon, Emilien,Paquot, Michel,Savage, Angela V. Korean Chemical Society 2009 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.30 No.11
Prebiotic isomaltooligosaccharide preparations contain $\alpha$-D-glucooligosaccharides comprising isomaltooligosaccharides (IMOs) and non-prebiotic maltooligosaccharides (MOs). They are both glucose oligosaccharides characterized by their degree of polymerization (DP) value (from 2 to $\sim$10), linkages types and positions (IMOs: $\alpha$-(1$\rightarrow$2, 3, 6 and in a lower proportion internal 1$\rightarrow$4) linkages, MOs: α-(1$\rightarrow$4) linkages). Their structure is the key factor for their prebiotic potential. In order to determine and elucidate the exact structure of unknown IMOs and MOs, unambiguous assignments of $^{13}C$ and $^1H$ chemical shifts of commercial standards, representative of IMOs and MOs diversity, have been determined using optimized standard one and two-dimensional experiments such as $^1H$ NMR, $^{13}C$ NMR, APT and ${^1}H-{^1}H$ COSY, TOCSY, NOESY and <$^1H-{^{13}}C$ heteronuclear HSQC, HSQC-TOCSY, and HMBC. Here we point out the differential effect of substitution by a glucose residue at different positions on chemical shifts of anomeric as well as ring carbons together with the effect of the reducing end configuration for low DP oligosaccharides and diasteroisotopic effect for H-6 protons. From this study, structural $^{13}C$ specific spectral features can be identified as tools for structural analysis of isomaltooligosaccharides.
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Dorothée Goffin,Peter Bystricky,Alexander S. Shashkov,Mary Lynch,Emilien Hanon,Michel Paquot,Angela V. Savage 대한화학회 2009 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.30 No.11
Prebiotic isomaltooligosaccharide preparations contain α-D-glucooligosaccharides comprising isomaltooligosaccharides (IMOs) and non-prebiotic maltooligosaccharides (MOs). They are both glucose oligosaccharides characterized by their degree of polymerization (DP) value (from 2 to ~10), linkages types and positions (IMOs: α-(1→2, 3, 6 and in a lower proportion internal 1→4) linkages, MOs: α-(1→4) linkages). Their structure is the key factor for their prebiotic potential. In order to determine and elucidate the exact structure of unknown IMOs and MOs, unambiguous assignments of 13C and 1H chemical shifts of commercial standards, representative of IMOs and MOs diversity, have been determined using optimized standard one and two-dimensional experiments such as 1H NMR, 13C NMR, APT and 1H-1H COSY, TOCSY, NOESY and 1H-13C heteronuclear HSQC, HSQC-TOCSY, and HMBC. Here we point out the differential effect of substitution by a glucose residue at different positions on chemical shifts of anomeric as well as ring carbons together with the effect of the reducing end configuration for low DP oligosaccharides and diasteroisotopic effect for H-6 protons. From this study, structural 13C specific spectral features can be identified as tools for structural analysis of isomaltooligosaccharides.
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