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- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Paneri, Panagiota Florou (검색결과 2 건)
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Adaptive current tDCS up to 4 mA
Khadka, Niranjan,Borges, Helen,Paneri, Bhaskar,Kaufman, Trynia,Nassis, Electra,Zannou, Adantchede L.,Shin, Yungjae,Choi, Hyeongseob,Kim, Seonghoon,Lee, Kiwon,Bikson, Marom Elsevier 2020 Brain stimulation Vol.13 No.1
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>Higher tDCS current may putatively enhance efficacy, with tolerability the perceived limiting factor.</P> <P><B>Objective</B></P> <P>We designed and validated electrodes and an adaptive controller to provide tDCS up to 4 mA, while managing tolerability. The adaptive 4 mA controller included incremental ramp up, impedance-based current limits, and a Relax-mode where current is transiently decreased. Relax-mode was automatically activated by self-report VAS-pain score >5 and in some conditions by a Relax-button available to participants.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>In a parallel-group participant-blind design with 50 healthy subjects, we used specialized electrodes to administer 3 daily session of tDCS for 11 min, with a lexical decision task as a distractor, in 5 study conditions: adaptive 4 mA, adaptive 4 mA with Relax-button, adaptive 4 mA with historical-Relax-button, 2 mA, and sham. A tablet-based stimulator with a participant interface regularly queried VAS pain score and also limited current based on impedance and tolerability. An Abort-button provided in all conditions stopped stimulation. In the adaptive 4 mA with Relax-button and adaptive 4 mA with historical-Relax-button conditions, participants could trigger a Relax-mode ad libitum, in the latter case with incrementally longer current reductions. Primary outcome was the average current delivered during each session, VAS pain score, and adverse event questionnaires. Current delivered was analyzed either excluding or including dropouts who activated Abort (scored as 0 current).</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>There were two dropouts each in the adaptive 4 mA and sham conditions. Resistance based current attenuation was rarely activated, with few automatic VAS pain score triggered relax-modes. In conditions with Relax-button option, there were significant activations often irrespective of VAS pain score. Including dropouts, current across conditions were significantly different from each other with maximum current delivered during adaptive 4 mA with Relax-button. Excluding dropouts, maximum current was delivered with adaptive 4 mA. VAS pain score and adverse events for the sham was only significantly lower than the adaptive 4 mA with Relax-button and adaptive 4 mA with historical-Relax-button. There was no difference in VAS pain score or adverse events between 2 mA and adaptive 4 mA.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>Provided specific electrodes and controllers, adaptive 4 mA tDCS is tolerated and effectively blinded, with acceptability likely higher in a clinical population and absence of regular querying. Indeed, presenting participants with overt controls increases rumination on sensation.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Designed and validated an adaptive controller with electrode to maximize tDCS upto 4 mA while maintaining tolerability. </LI> <LI> Conditions with overt subject controls increase rumination on sensation, decreasing tolerability. </LI> <LI> No difference in VAS or adverse events among 2 mA, adaptive 4 mA, and sham. </LI> <LI> Adaptive 4 mA tDCS is relatively tolerated with specific electrodes and controller. </LI> </UL> </P>
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Dietary Carob Pods on Growth Performance and Meat Quality of Fattening Pigs
Kotrotsios, Nikolaos,Christaki, Efterpi,Bonos, Eleftherios,Paneri, Panagiota Florou Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2012 Animal Bioscience Vol.25 No.6
In this experiment the effect of dietary carob pods in the growth performance of fattening pigs and their meat quality, including steak chemical composition and fatty acid profile, were examined. A total of 160 weaning piglets, 30 days old, were allocated into four equal groups with 4 subgroups of 5 female and 5 males each. The animals were fed with isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets, containing either 0 or 75 or 100 or 125 g of carob pods per kg of feed. At the end of the experiment, on the 180 day of age, carcass subcutaneous fat thickness, steak chemical composition and steak fatty acid profile were determined. The results of the experiment showed that the dietary addition of 75 or 100 g/kg carob pods increased body weight at slaughter and carcass weight. No significant effect was noticed on the other examined carcass parameters. Consequently, carob pods could be suggested as a potential feed for fattening pigs without any adverse effect on their meat quality.
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