Random Regression Models Are Suitable to Substitute the Traditional 305-Day Lactation Model in Genetic Evaluations of Holstein Cattle in Brazil

Padilha, Alessandro Haiduck,Cobuci, Jaime Araujo,Costa, Claudio Napolis,Neto, Jose Braccini Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2016 Animal Bioscience Vol.29 No.6

The aim of this study was to compare two random regression models (RRM) fitted by fourth ($RRM_4$) and fifth-order Legendre polynomials ($RRM_5$) with a lactation model (LM) for evaluating Holstein cattle in Brazil. Two datasets with the same animals were prepared for this study. To apply test-day RRM and LMs, 262,426 test day records and 30,228 lactation records covering 305 days were prepared, respectively. The lowest values of Akaike's information criterion, Bayesian information criterion, and estimates of the maximum of the likelihood function (-2LogL) were for $RRM_4$. Heritability for 305-day milk yield (305MY) was 0.23 ($RRM_4$), 0.24 ($RRM_5$), and 0.21 (LM). Heritability, additive genetic and permanent environmental variances of test days on days in milk was from 0.16 to 0.27, from 3.76 to 6.88 and from 11.12 to 20.21, respectively. Additive genetic correlations between test days ranged from 0.20 to 0.99. Permanent environmental correlations between test days were between 0.07 and 0.99. Standard deviations of average estimated breeding values (EBVs) for 305MY from $RRM_4$ and $RRM_5$ were from 11% to 30% higher for bulls and around 28% higher for cows than that in LM. Rank correlations between RRM EBVs and LM EBVs were between 0.86 to 0.96 for bulls and 0.80 to 0.87 for cows. Average percentage of gain in reliability of EBVs for 305-day yield increased from 4% to 17% for bulls and from 23% to 24% for cows when reliability of EBVs from RRM models was compared to those from LM model. Random regression model fitted by fourth order Legendre polynomials is recommended for genetic evaluations of Brazilian Holstein cattle because of the higher reliability in the estimation of breeding values.

Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Aqueous and Alkaline Extracts from Mushrooms (Agaricus blazei Murill)

Padilha, Marina M.,Avila, Ana A.L.,Sousa, Pergentino J.C.,Cardoso, Luis Gustavo V.,Perazzo, Fabio F.,Carvalho, Jose Carlos T. The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2009 Journal of medicinal food Vol.12 No.2

The effects of aqueous and alkaline extracts from Agaricus blazei Murill, an edible mushroom used as folk medicine in Brazil, Japan, and China to treat several illnesses, were investigated on the basis of the inflammatory process induced by different agents. Oral administration of A. blazei extracts marginally inhibited the edema induced by nystatin. In contrast, when complete Freund's adjuvant was used as the inflammatory stimulus, both extracts were able to inhibit this process significantly (P < .05, analysis of variance followed by Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison post hoc test), although it inhibited the granulomatous tissue induction moderately. These extracts were able to decrease the ulcer wounds induced by stress. Also, administration of extracts inhibited neutrophil migration to the exudates present in the peritoneal cavity after carrageenin injection. Therefore, it is possible that A. blazei extracts can be useful in inflammatory diseases because of activation of the immune system and its cells induced by the presence of polysaccharides such as $\beta$-glucans.

Effect of environmental enrichment for piglets in the nursery phase

Padilha-Boaretto, Joselaine Bortolanza,Groff-Urayama, Priscila Michelin,Einsfeld, Suelen Maria,de Souza, Cleverson,Mendes, Angelica Signor,Maeda, Emilyn Midori,Takahashi, Sabrina Endo Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2021 Animal Bioscience Vol.34 No.1

Objective: The effect of environmental enrichment on the behaviour of piglets in the nursery phase was evaluated. Methods: A total of 450 hybrid pigs (21 day old), including both females and uncastrated males, weighing approximately 6 kg, were distributed in a completely randomised design with 3 treatments and 3 replicates of 50 animals each. The treatments were: i) pen without environmental enrichment (control), ii) treatment consisting of continuous environmental enrichment (CEE) with rubber balls throughout the experimental period, and iii) treatment consisting of environmental enrichment with washed balls (EEWB) during the whole experimental period which were removed daily for washing. For the behavioural evaluation, 10 animals were randomly selected per replicate. The behavioural assessments were performed once a week, from 8 am to 6 pm, using images captured with a video camera. The data were submitted to non-parametric analyses, the means were compared using the Bonferroni test, and Person's correlations were also calculated. Results: A statistical difference (p = 0.001) was observed in the B5 (playful) behaviour; the animals in the EEWB treatment group had a higher frequency of this behaviour than animals in the control treatment group. The animals in the control group showed a higher frequency of B7 behaviour (lying down) (p = 0.026) than those in the EEWB and CEE treatment groups. The animals in the control group had a higher frequency of the B9 (belly nosing) behaviour than those in the EEWB group (p = 0.015). There was a tendency towards a higher frequency of behaviour B3 (walking in the pen) (p = 0.067) when the animals received the control treatment than treatments EEWB or CEE. Conclusion: The use of an enriching object improved the animal welfare and altered the correlation between the evaluated behaviours compared to the animals that did not have environmental enrichment.

Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Aqueous and Alkaline Extracts from Mushrooms (Agaricus blazei Murill)

Marina M. Padilha,Ana A.L. Avila,Pergentino J.C. Sousa,Luis Gustavo V. Cardoso,Fábio F. Perazzo,José Carlos T. Carvalho 한국식품영양과학회 2009 Journal of medicinal food Vol.12 No.2

The effects of aqueous and alkaline extracts from Agaricus blazei Murill, an edible mushroom used as folk medicine in Brazil, Japan, and China to treat several illnesses, were investigated on the basis of the inflammatory process induced by different agents. Oral administration of A. blazei extracts marginally inhibited the edema induced by nystatin. In contrast, when complete Freund's adjuvant was used as the inflammatory stimulus, both extracts were able to inhibit this process significantly (P < .05, analysis of variance followed by Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison post hoc test), although it inhibited the granulomatous tissue induction moderately. These extracts were able to decrease the ulcer wounds induced by stress. Also, administration of extracts inhibited neutrophil migration to the exudates present in the peritoneal cavity after carrageenin injection. Therefore, it is possible that A. blazei extracts can be useful in inflammatory diseases because of activation of the immune system and its cells induced by the presence of polysaccharides such as β-glucans.

Antinociceptive Effect of the Extract of Morus nigra Leaves in Mice

Marina de Mesquita Padilha,Fabiana Cardoso Vilela,Marcelo José Dias da Silva,Marcelo Henrique dos Santos,Geraldo Alves-da-Silva,Alexandre Giusti-Paiva 한국식품영양과학회 2009 Journal of medicinal food Vol.12 No.6

Morus nigra has been used to relieve pain in Brazilian folk medicine. This study was conducted to establish the antinociceptive properties of dichloromethane extract from leaves of M. nigra. The formalin, hot plate, and tail immersion tests as well as acetic acid-induced writhing were used to investigate the antinociceptive activity in mice. The extract at test doses of 100 and 300mg/kg, p.o. clearly demonstrated antinociceptive activity in all tests. The extract administered at 300mg/kg, p.o. had a stronger antinociceptive effect than indomethacin (5mg/kg, p.o.) and morphine (10mg/kg, p.o.), which supports previous claims for its traditional use.

Effect of the Core/Shell Interface on Auger Recombination Evaluated by Single-Quantum-Dot Spectroscopy

Park, Young-Shin,Bae, Wan Ki,Padilha, Lazaro A.,Pietryga, Jeffrey M.,Klimov, Victor I. American Chemical Society 2014 NANO LETTERS Vol.14 No.2

<P>Previous single-particle spectroscopic studies of colloidal quantum dots have indicated a significant spread in biexciton lifetimes across an ensemble of nominally identical nanocrystals. It has been speculated that in addition to dot-to-dot variation in physical dimensions, this spread is contributed to by variations in the structure of the quantum dot interface, which controls the shape of the confinement potential. Here, we directly evaluate the effect of the composition of the core–shell interface on single- and multiexciton dynamics via side-by-side measurements of individual core–shell CdSe/CdS nanocrystals with a sharp versus smooth (graded) interface. To realize the latter type of structures we incorporate a CdSe<SUB><I>x</I></SUB>S<SUB>1–<I>x</I></SUB> alloy layer of controlled composition and thickness between the CdSe core and the CdS shell. We observe that while having essentially no effect on single-exciton decay, the interfacial alloy layer leads to a systematic increase in biexciton lifetimes, which correlates with the increase in the biexciton emission efficiency, as inferred from two-photon correlation measurements. These observations provide direct experimental evidence that in addition to the size of the quantum dot, its interfacial properties also significantly affect the rate of Auger recombination, which governs biexciton decay. These findings help rationalize previous observations of a significant heterogeneity in the biexciton lifetimes across similarly sized quantum dots and should facilitate the development of “Auger-recombination-free” colloidal nanostructures for a range of applications from lasers and light-emitting diodes to photodetectors and solar cells.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/nalefd/2014/nalefd.2014.14.issue-2/nl403289w/production/images/medium/nl-2013-03289w_0005.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nl403289w'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Antidepressant-Like Activity of Sonchus oleraceus in Mouse Models of Immobility Tests

Fabiana Cardoso Vilela,Marina de Mesquita Padilha,Geraldo Alves-da-Silva,Roseli Soncini,Alexandre Giusti-Paiva 한국식품영양과학회 2010 Journal of medicinal food Vol.13 No.1

The aim of the present work is to evaluate the putative antidepressant-like effects of hydroethanolic and dichloromethanic extracts from the aerial parts of Sonchus oleraceus (Family Asteraceae) on the performance of male mice in the forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) models predictive of depression. The hydroethanolic and dichloromethanic extracts, both in doses of 30, 100, and 300mg/kg, were orally administered 1 hour before carrying out the FST or the TST. The immobility time in both the FST and the TST was significantly reduced by acute oral treatment with the extracts (dose range, 100–300mg/kg), without accompanying changes in ambulation, as assessed in an open-field test. This excluded the possibility that the effect of the extracts is due to an activation of locomotion. The efficacy of the extracts was found to be comparable to that of amitriptyline (10mg/kg, p.o.). The present study provides evidence for an antidepressant-like effect of the active principle(s) present in the extracts of S. oleraceus in mice. Therefore, a standardized S. oleraceus extract or its purified constituents could be of potential interest for the treatment of depressive disorders.

APPLICATION OF LANDAU TRANSFORMS TO THE SOLUTION OF SUPERCOOLED LAMINAR WATER FLOW

K. A. R. Isamail,A. Padilha 대한기계학회 1992 International Conference on Fluid Machinery Vol.1 No.1

Modeling and simulation of Bacillus cereus chitosanase activity during purification using expanded bed chromatography

Everaldo Silvino dos Santos,Carlos Eduardo de Araújo Padilha,Nathália Kelly de Araújo,Domingos Fabiano de Santana Souza,Jackson Araújo de Oliveira,Gorete Ribeiro de Macedo 한국화학공학회 2016 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.33 No.9

A phenomenological model was used to describe sequentially the three steps (flowthrough, washing and elution) of expanded bed adsorption chromatography for recovery of chitosanases from Bacillus cereus. Additionally, a hybrid strategy for model parameter estimation was carried out using particle swarm optimization and Gauss-Newton algorithms. The model was validated with independent experimental data and the statistical criteria (χ 2 and mean squared error tests) showed that the hybrid strategy was more promising than just the heuristic method. With the calibrated model, surface response methodology was applied to obtain the optimal operational conditions, and experiments were performed to confirm these results. Overall, a value of 41.08% for yield was obtained using 700mM NaCl during elution. In summary, all approach employed in this work was relevant for maximizing the yield of the chromatographic process.

Unraveling the Origin of Operational Instability of Quantum Dot Based Light-Emitting Diodes

Chang, Jun Hyuk,Park, Philip,Jung, Heeyoung,Jeong, Byeong Guk,Hahm, Donghyo,Nagamine, Gabriel,Ko, Jongkuk,Cho, Jinhan,Padilha, Lazaro A.,Lee, Doh C.,Lee, Changhee,Char, Kookheon,Bae, Wan Ki American Chemical Society 2018 ACS NANO Vol.12 No.10

<P>We investigate the operational instability of quantum dot (QD)-based light-emitting diodes (QLEDs). Spectroscopic analysis on the QD emissive layer within devices in chorus with the optoelectronic and electrical characteristics of devices discloses that the device efficiency of QLEDs under operation is indeed deteriorated by two main mechanisms. The first is the luminance efficiency drop of the QD emissive layer in the running devices owing to the accumulation of excess electrons in the QDs, which escalates the possibility of nonradiative Auger recombination processes in the QDs. The other is the electron leakage toward hole transport layers (HTLs) that accompanies irreversible physical damage to the HTL by creating nonradiative recombination centers. These processes are distinguishable in terms of the time scale and the reversibility, but both stem from a single origin, the discrepancy between electron <I>versus</I> hole injection rates into QDs. Based on experimental and calculation results, we propose mechanistic models for the operation of QLEDs in individual quantum dot levels and their degradation during operation and offer rational guidelines that promise the realization of high-performance QLEDs with proven operational stability.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>