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Lee, Jungeun,He, Kun,Stolc, Viktor,Lee, Horim,Figueroa, Pablo,Gao, Ying,Tongprasit, Waraporn,Zhao, Hongyu,Lee, Ilha,Deng, Xing Wang American Society of Plant Physiologists 2007 The Plant cell Vol.19 No.3
<P>The transcription factor LONG HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5) acts downstream of multiple families of the photoreceptors and promotes photomorphogenesis. Although it is well accepted that HY5 acts to regulate target gene expression, in vivo binding of HY5 to any of its target gene promoters has yet to be demonstrated. Here, we used a chromatin immunoprecipitation procedure to verify suspected in vivo HY5 binding sites. We demonstrated that in vivo association of HY5 with promoter targets is not altered under distinct light qualities or during light-to-dark transition. Coupled with DNA chip hybridization using a high-density 60-nucleotide oligomer microarray that contains one probe for every 500 nucleotides over the entire Arabidopsis thaliana genome, we mapped genome-wide in vivo HY5 binding sites. This analysis showed that HY5 binds preferentially to promoter regions in vivo and revealed >3000 chromosomal sites as putative HY5 binding targets. HY5 binding targets tend to be enriched in the early light-responsive genes and transcription factor genes. Our data thus support a model in which HY5 is a high hierarchical regulator of the transcriptional cascades for photomorphogenesis.</P>
Non-invasive estimation of relative pressure in turbulent flow using virtual work-energy
Marlevi, David,Ha, Hojin,Dillon-Murphy, Desmond,Fernandes, Joao F.,Fovargue, Daniel,Colarieti-Tosti, Massimiliano,Larsson, Matilda,Lamata, Pablo,Figueroa, C. Alberto,Ebbers, Tino,Nordsletten, David A. Elsevier 2020 Medical image analysis Vol.60 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Vascular pressure differences are established risk markers for a number of cardiovascular diseases. Relative pressures are, however, often driven by turbulence-induced flow fluctuations, where conventional non-invasive methods may yield inaccurate results. Recently, we proposed a novel method for non-turbulent flows, <I>ν</I>WERP, utilizing the concept of virtual work-energy to accurately probe relative pressure through complex branching vasculature. Here, we present an extension of this approach for turbulent flows: <I>ν</I>WERP-t. We present a theoretical method derivation based on flow covariance, quantifying the impact of flow fluctuations on relative pressure. <I>ν</I>WERP-t is tested on a set of <I>in-vitro</I> stenotic flow phantoms with data acquired by 4D flow MRI with six-directional flow encoding, as well as on a patient-specific <I>in-silico</I> model of an acute aortic dissection. Over all tests <I>ν</I>WERP-t shows improved accuracy over alternative energy-based approaches, with excellent recovery of estimated relative pressures. In particular, the use of a guaranteed divergence-free virtual field improves accuracy in cases where turbulent flows skew the apparent divergence of the acquired field. With the original <I>ν</I>WERP allowing for assessment of relative pressure into previously inaccessible vasculatures, the extended <I>ν</I>WERP-t further enlarges the method's clinical scope, underlining its potential as a novel tool for assessing relative pressure <I>in-vivo</I>.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> vWERP-t uses virtual work-energy to accurately assess turbulent relative pressure. </LI> <LI> In-vitro, vWERP-t shows 1:1 agreement with invasive measurements of relative pressure. </LI> <LI> In transient flow, vWERP-t shows significant improvement compared to other approaches. </LI> <LI> vWERP-t guarantees divergence free flow even in turbulent fields, improving accuracy. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>