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High-resolution metabolomics of occupational exposure to trichloroethylene
Walker, Douglas I,Uppal, Karan,Zhang, Luoping,Vermeulen, Roel,Smith, Martyn,Hu, Wei,Purdue, Mark P,Tang, Xiaojiang,Reiss, Boris,Kim, Sungkyoon,Li, Laiyu,Huang, Hanlin,Pennell, Kurt D,Jones, Dean P,Rot Oxford University Press 2016 International journal of epidemiology Vol.45 No.5
<P><B>Background:</B> Occupational exposure to trichloroethylene (TCE) has been linked to adverse health outcomes including non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and kidney and liver cancer; however, TCE’s mode of action for development of these diseases in humans is not well understood.</P><P><B>Methods:</B> Non-targeted metabolomics analysis of plasma obtained from 80 TCE-exposed workers [full shift exposure range of 0.4 to 230 parts-per-million of air (ppm<SUB>a</SUB>)] and 95 matched controls were completed by ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry. Biological response to TCE exposure was determined using a metabolome-wide association study (MWAS) framework, with metabolic changes and plasma TCE metabolites evaluated by dose-response and pathway enrichment. Biological perturbations were then linked to immunological, renal and exposure molecular markers measured in the same population.</P><P><B>Results:</B> Metabolic features associated with TCE exposure included known TCE metabolites, unidentifiable chlorinated compounds and endogenous metabolites. Exposure resulted in a systemic response in endogenous metabolism, including disruption in purine catabolism and decreases in sulphur amino acid and bile acid biosynthesis pathways. Metabolite associations with TCE exposure included uric acid (<I>β</I> = 0.13, <I>P</I>-value = 3.6 × 10<SUP>−5</SUP>), glutamine (<I>β</I> = 0.08, <I>P</I>-value = 0.0013), cystine (<I>β</I> = 0.75, <I>P</I>-value = 0.0022), methylthioadenosine (<I>β</I> = −1.6, <I>P</I>-value = 0.0043), taurine (<I>β</I> = −2.4, <I>P</I>-value = 0.0011) and chenodeoxycholic acid (<I>β</I> = −1.3, <I>P</I>-value = 0.0039), which are consistent with known toxic effects of TCE, including immunosuppression, hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Correlation with additional exposure markers and physiological endpoints supported known disease associations.</P><P><B>Conclusions:</B> High-resolution metabolomics correlates measured occupational exposure to internal dose and metabolic response, providing insight into molecular mechanisms of exposure-related disease aetiology.</P>
Opachich, Y P,Comin, A,Bartelt, A F,Young, A T,Scholl, A,Feng, J,Schmalhorst, J,Shin, H J,Engelhorn, K,Risbud, S H,Reiss, G,Padmore, H A IOP Pub 2010 Journal of Physics, Condensed Matter Vol.22 No.15
<P>The demagnetization dynamics of the Heusler alloy Co<SUB>2</SUB>MnSi was studied using picosecond time-resolved x-ray magnetic circular dichroism. The sample was excited using femtosecond laser pulses. In contrast to the sub-picosecond demagnetization of the metal ferromagnet Ni, substantially slower demagnetization with a time constant of 3.5 ± 0.5 ps was measured. This could be explained by a spin-dependent band gap inhibiting the spin-flip scattering of hot electrons in Co<SUB>2</SUB>MnSi, which is predicted to be half-metallic. A universal demagnetization time constant was measured across a range of pump power levels. </P>
N. Chevalier,F. Chandezon,J. Bleuse,J.C. Woehl,J.F. Motte,M. Stark,M.J. Nasse,P. Reiss,S. Huant 한국물리학회 2005 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.47 No.1
We present a method to realize active optical tips for use in near-field optics that can operate at room temperature. A metal-coated optical tip is covered with a thin polymer layer stained with CdSe nanocrystals at low density. The time analysis of the emission rate of the active tip and the analysis of its emission spectra reveal that a very small number of particles - possibly down to only one nanocrystal - can be made active at the tip apex. This opens the way to optics with a single nanocrystal as a light source.