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Costumes, Commodities, and Culture : on Shaping Knowledge
Gwendolyn S, O′-Neal The Costume Culture Association 2002 Fashion, industry and education Vol.5 No.1
Consumer behavior is driven by culture; and culture is contextual. Therefore, human behaviors such as those exhibited in consumption behavior should not be measured and compared cross-culturally by using cultural specific mea-sures or paradigms which assume a universal reality, time and context free. Since it is known that consumption behavior is influenced by culture, and cultures in the United States differ from those in Korea, the assumption of universal ‘truths’ which can be known is inappropriate. To employ a paradigm with invalid assumptions automatically leads to the lack of validity, a must for truth claims in the positivist paradigm. Thus, 'truths' in the research reported must be suspect.
Costumes, Commodities, and Culture : on Shaping Knowledge
O'Neal, Gewndolyn S. The Costume Culture Association Department of Clot 2002 Fashion, industry and education Vol.5 No.1
Consumer behavior is driven by culture, and culture is contextual. Therefore, human behaviors such as those exhibited in consumption behavior should not be measured and compared cross-culturally by using cultural specific measures or paradigms which assume a universal reality, time and context free. Since it is known that consumption behavior is influenced by culture, and cultures in the United States differ from those in Korea, the assumption of universal 'truths' which can be known is inappropriate. To employ a paradigm with invalid assumptions automatically leads to the lack of validity, a must for truth claims in the positivist paradigm. Thus, 'truths' in the research reported must be suspect. I also concur with Dr Lim14), that collaboration would be useful for better understanding of other cultures. However, the encountering of cultures should enable us to understand ourselves in relation to others rather than being used as an opportunity to compare and contrast differences which suggests 'otherness'. When differences are understood in the context of culture the result should be a 'heightened self-awareness'15) and appreciation for difference. Qualitative paradigms allow for the exploration of variability of questions in different sociocultural contexts. Costumes and commodities are objects of material culture Commodities, like persons, have social lives16), and their worth are not limited to their exchange value These goods may be entangled in a host of meanings and thus become objects of great symbolic significance. Analyses of material culture are most accurate when categories, definitions, and patterns of use, are determined locally where local scholars enter into debate and dialogues Qualitative paradigms which are interpretative in nature allow for local scholars to arrive at interpretation. Since there is the potential for multiple interpretations, the politics of meaning may enter the interpretation and must be acknowledged. However, local scholars are able to consider the ways individuals use objects in the construction of, for example, identity, social formations, and culture itself. By viewing objects in terms of the structure, actions, and processes through which people produce, use, and evaluate them, researchers are better able to consider the dialectical relationship between objects and those who make or use them how people shape objects and, in turn, how particular uses of objects shape people17) Thus, for understanding consumption behavior and other dynamic socio-cultural processes, interpretative paradigms are needed. These paradigms require, however, that interpretations are made within the context of the culture in which the inquiry is conducted. When talking about qualitative research and interpretative paradigms, one is most often asked questions about validity and reliability. Again, these are issues of the positivist researcher. Researchers employing interpretative paradigms focus on the primacy of lived experience, the use of dialogue in assessing knowledge claims and an understanding of the culture and its history. Ethical principles and good judgement are considered the norm 'Good judgement' is viewed as meeting standards related to credibility, thoroughness, coherence, comprehensiveness, appropriateness and contextuality. Also of great importance is whether the interpretation is useful18)19) Qualitative research is inherently multi- method in focus. The use of multi-methods or triangulation, reflects an attempt to secure an in-depth understanding of the phenomenon in question. Triangulation is not a tool or strategy of validation, but an alternative to validation20). While qualitative research offers many paradigms for knowing, my hope is that you will find something said here to be beneficial to you as you establish your own qualitative research tradition.
Size-dependent vibronic coupling in α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>
O'Neal, K. R.,Patete, J. M.,Chen, P.,Holinsworth, B. S.,Smith, J. M.,Lee, N.,Cheong, S.-W.,Wong, Stanislaus S.,Marques, C.,Aronson, M. C.,Musfeldt, J. L. American Institute of Physics 2014 The Journal of chemical physics Vol.141 No.4
<P>We report the discovery of finite length scale effects on vibronic coupling in nanoscale alpha-Fe2O3 as measured by the behavior of vibronically activated d-d on-site excitations of Fe3+ as a function of size and shape. An oscillator strength analysis reveals that the frequency of the coupled symmetry-breaking phonon changes with size, a crossover that we analyze in terms of increasing three-dimensional character to the displacement pattern. These findings demonstrate the flexibility of mixing processes in confined systems and suggest a strategy for both enhancing and controlling charge-lattice interactions in other materials. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC.</P>
Magnetoelectric Coupling through the Spin Flop Transition in<sub>Ni3</sub><sub>TeO6</sub>
Yokosuk, M. O.,al-Wahish, Amal,Artyukhin, Sergey,O’Neal, K. R.,Mazumdar, D.,Chen, P.,Yang, Junjie,Oh, Yoon Seok,McGill, Stephen A.,Haule, K.,Cheong, Sang-Wook,Vanderbilt, David,Musfeldt, J. L. American Physical Society 2016 Physical Review Letters Vol.117 No.14
Chen, Peng,Holinsworth, Brian S.,O’Neal, Kenneth R.,Luo, Xuan,Topping, Craig V.,Cheong, Sang W.,Singleton, John,Choi, Eun S.,Musfeldt, Janice L. American Chemical Society 2018 Inorganic Chemistry Vol.57 No.20
<P>We bring together <I>ac</I> susceptibility and <I>dc</I> magnetization to uncover the rich magnetic field-temperature behavior of a series of rare earth indium oxides, RInO<SUB>3</SUB> (R = Tb, Dy, and Gd). The degree of frustration is much larger than expected, particularly in TbInO<SUB>3</SUB>, and the ground states are glasslike with antiferromagnetic tendencies. The activation energy for spin reorientation is low. Chemical substitution with Mn<SUP>3+</SUP> ions to form TbIn<SUB>1-<I>x</I></SUB>Mn<SUB><I>x</I></SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> (<I>x</I> ≤ 0.01) relieves much of the frustration that characterizes the parent compound and slightly enhances the short-range antiferromagnetic order. The phase diagrams developed from this work reveal the rich competition between spin orders and provide an opportunity to compare the dynamics in the RInO<SUB>3</SUB> and Mn-substituted systems. These structure-property relations may be useful for understanding magnetism in other geometrically frustrated multiferroics.</P><P>We combined <I>dc</I> magnetization and <I>ac</I> susceptibility to reveal the rich magnetic field-temperature phase diagrams of a series of rare earth indium oxides. These systems sport high degrees of frustration as described by the frustration index, <I>F</I>, as well as glasslike slow magnetic relaxation in combination with antiferromagnetic tendencies. Structure−composition−property investigations reveal that both the choice of rare earth center as well as introduction of a paramagnetic impurity like Mn<SUP>3+</SUP> can control frustration in this new class of geometrically frustrated multiferroics.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>