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Dynamics of Cellulose Nanocrystals in the Presence of Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide
Noor Rehman,Clara I. D. Bica,Maria Inez G. de Miranda,Simone M. L. Rosa 한국고분자학회 2017 Macromolecular Research Vol.25 No.8
A dynamic light scattering (DLS) study was performed to investigate the interactions of maize straw cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) with the cationic surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). Phase analysis light scattering (which gives access to zeta potential (ζ) and electrical conductance) technique was used with the aim to obtain additional information. Zeta potential behavior demonstrated the colloidal systems are stable. By electrical conductance data, it was verified that the process of formation of micelles is thermodynamically spontaneous. Dynamic light scattering was shown to be very useful to find the optimum hydrolysis time so as to obtain well dispersed and more isolated nanocrystals. In the presence of the cationic surfactant CTAB, the formation of micelles and aggregates CNC/ CTAB were well identified by DLS showing that the dynamics of cellulose nanocrystals in aqueous suspensions is strongly affected by the surfactant.
A Multi-Group Analysis of Risk Management Practices of Public and Private Commercial Banks
Khurram REHMAN,Hadi Hassan KHAN,Bilal SARWAR,Noor MUHAMMAD,Wahab AHMED,Zia Ur REHMAN 한국유통과학회 2020 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.7 No.11
The study examines the relationship between credit risk and operational risk (understanding of risk management, risk identification, risk assessment and control, and risk monitoring) on risk management practices followed by private and public sector commercial banks. The cross-sectional data method was used to check the impact of risk management practices. Data was collected from the bank employees and a total of 284 respondents were finally selected for further analysis. Measurement Invariance of Composite Models analysis is used to test the quality of the measurement model for sub-samples, and multi-group analysis is used for path analysis in sub-sample through PLS-SEM. The findings of the study as the total sample show that both types of banks are managing adequate and significant risk management practices. On the other hand, sub-groups’ results show private sector banks are more momentous than public sector banks. Risk identification is significantly different at the sub-group level, which shows public sector banks are more concentrating on this type of risk. Understanding of risk management has no significant effect on both types of banks and risk assessment & control for public sector banks, and there is a difference in the risk management practices among private and public sector commercial banks.
Modeling shotcrete mix design using artificial neural network
Khan Muhammad,Noor Mohammad,Fazal Rehman 사단법인 한국계산역학회 2015 Computers and Concrete, An International Journal Vol.15 No.2
“Mortar or concrete pneumatically projected at high velocity onto a surface” is called Shotcrete. Models that predict shotcrete design parameters (e.g. compressive strength, slump etc) from any mixing proportions of admixtures could save considerable experimentation time consumed during trial and error based procedures. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) has been widely used for similar purposes; however, such models have been rarely applied on shotcrete design. In this study 19 samples of shotcrete test panels with varying quantities of water, steel fibers and silica fume were used to determine their slump, cost and compressive strength at different ages. A number of 3-layer Back propagation Neural Network (BPNN) models of different network architectures were used to train the network using 15 samples, while 4 samples were randomly chosen to validate the model. The predicted compressive strength from linear regression lacked accuracy with R2 value of 0.36. Whereas, outputs from 3-5-3 ANN architecture gave higher correlations of R2 = 0.99, 0.95 and 0.98 for compressive strength, cost and slump parameters of the training data and corresponding R2 values of 0.99, 0.99 and 0.90 for the validation dataset. Sensitivity analysis of output variables using ANN can unfold the nonlinear cause and effect relationship for otherwise obscure ANN model.
Munir A. ABBASI,Azlan AMRAN,Nazia Abdul REHMAN,Noor us SAHAR,Arif ALI 한국유통과학회 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.5
The study examines the existence of twin deficit in two emerging economies (Turkey and Iran) and also investigates the relation of twin deficit with specific macroeconomic indicators such as the GDP, money supply, foreign direct investment, and the interest rate both in short and long-run periods. The twin-deficit concept refers to a situation where the current account deficit and budget deficits exist in the same corresponding period of an economy. This study employs the Bound Test Autoregressive lag distributed (ARDL) model on time-series quarterly secondary data of Turkey and Iran from 1992 to 2019. The stationarity of variables has been ensured through the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test at the level and the first difference. The results reveal the existence of a twin deficit in both the short and long-run periods only in Iran. Its existence could not be observed in the Turkish economy. The findings suggest a positive relationship between twin deficit and GDP, and a negative relationship between twin deficit and FDI and M2. At the same time, the relationship of the twin deficit with interest rate could not be found in the Iranian economy. The findings may be helpful for economic managers of both countries in executing their economic policies.
Effects of Maillard reaction on physicochemical and functional properties of walnut protein isolate
Sahibzada Fahim Ullah,Nasir Mehmood Khan,Farman Ali,Shujaat Ahmad,Zia Ullah Khan,Noor Rehman,Abdul Khaliq Jan,Nawshad Muhammad 한국식품과학회 2019 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.28 No.5
In this study, the Maillard reaction (MR) ofglucose was applied to improve the physicochemical andfunctional properties of walnut protein isolate (WNPI). TheMR products (MRPs) were prepared with glucose at 0 h(MRP0), 1 h (MRP1), 2 h (MRP2) and 3 h (MRP3) heatingat 95 C. The Infra-Red spectrum showed reduction ofamide and S–H functionalities in MRPs with completeintermixing of glucose in MRP3. Scanning electronmicroscopy indicated changes in the morphology of MRP3which also exhibited promising antioxidant effect. Significantdecrease (P\0.05) in hydrophobicity values (Ho)and increase (P\0.05) in emulsifying activity/emulsifyingstability indexes values were observed for MRPs. Uniform droplet distribution was observed in microscopyof emulsions while an increase in the interfacial proteinconcentration (U) was obtained for MRPs. These resultssuggest that MR is useful in improving the utilization ofthis protein in food product development.