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CCL2 Chemokine as a Potential Biomarker for Prostate Cancer: A Pilot Study
Igor Tsaur,Anika Noack,Jasmina Makarevic,Elsie Oppermann,Ana Maria Waaga-Gasser,Martin Gasser,Hendrik Borgmann,Tanja Huesch,Kilian M. Gust,Michael Reiter,David Schilling,Georg Bartsch,Axel Haferkamp,R 대한암학회 2015 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.47 No.2
Purpose Prostate specific antigen is not reliable in diagnosing prostate cancer (PCa), making theidentification of novel, precise diagnostic biomarkers important. Since chemokines areassociated with more aggressive disease and poor prognosis in diverse malignancies, weaimed to investigate the diagnostic relevance of chemokines in PCa. Materials and MethodsPreoperative and early postoperative serum samples were obtained from 39 consecutivePCa patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. Serum from 15 healthy volunteers servedas controls. Concentrations of CXCL12, CXCL13, CX3CL1, CCL2, CCL5, and CCL20 weremeasured in serum by Luminex. The expression activity of CXCR3, CXCR4, CXCR5, CXCR7,CXCL12, CXCL13, CX3CR1, CXCL1, CCR2, CCR5, CCR6, CCR7, CCL2, and CCL5 mRNA wasassessed in tumor and adjacent normal tissue of prostatectomy specimens by quantitativereal-time polymerase chain reaction. The associations of these chemokines with clinicaland histological parameters were tested. ResultsThe gene expression activity of CCL2 and CCR6 was significantly higher in tumor tissuecompared to adjacent normal tissue. CCL2 was also significantly higher in the blood samplesof PCa patients, compared to controls. CCL5, CCL20, and CX3CL1 were lower in patientserum, compared to controls. CCR2 tissue mRNA was negatively correlated with the Gleasonscore and grading. ConclusionChemokines are significantly modified during tumorigenesis of PCa, and CCL2 is a promisingdiagnostic biomarker.
Dhumal, Nilesh R.,Noack, Kristina,Kiefer, Johannes,Kim, Hyung J. American Chemical Society 2014 The Journal of physical chemistry A Vol.118 No.13
<P>Electronic structure theory (density functional and Møller–Plesset perturbation theory) and vibrational spectroscopy (FT-IR and Raman) are employed to study molecular interactions in the room-temperature ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide. Different conformers of a cation–anion pair based on their molecular interactions are simulated in the gas phase and in a dielectric continuum solvent environment. Although the ordering of conformers in energy varies with theoretical methods, their predictions for three lowest energy conformers in the gas phase are similar. Strong C–H---N interactions between the acidic hydrogen atom of the cation imidazole ring and the nitrogen atom of the anion are predicted for either the lowest or second lowest energy conformer. In a continuum solvent, different theoretical methods yield the same ion-pair conformation for the lowest energy state. In both phases, the density functional method predicts that the anion is in a trans conformation in the lowest energy ion pair state. The theoretical results are compared with experimental observations from Raman scattering and IR absorption spectroscopies and manifestations of the molecular interactions in the vibrational spectra are discussed. The directions of the frequency shifts of the characteristic vibrations relative to the free anion and cation are explained by calculating the difference electron density coupled with electron density topography.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpcafh/2014/jpcafh.2014.118.issue-13/jp502124y/production/images/medium/jp-2014-02124y_0007.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jp502124y'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Jeff A. Tuhtan,Markus Noack,Silke Wieprecht 대한토목학회 2012 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.16 No.2
Extreme, short-duration fluctuations caused by storage hydropower plant discharges or ‘hydropeaking’ occur when hydropower is used to cover the peak electrical loading conditions of a power network. The overall effects of hydropeaking can result in serious disturbances to the hydrologic regime, river morphology and the ecological condition of a river. In this study a transient, fuzzy logic based two-dimensional fish habitat model was used to investigate the stranding risk to juvenile European grayling (Thymallus thymallus) corresponding to different river morphologies. The stranding risk was simulated using two 24 hour discharge hydrographs in two alpine gravel bed river reaches. Both reaches were in close proximity to the hydropower plant outlet and were chosen due to their starkly contrasting morphological features. Spatially distributed stranding risk was determined based on a multi-step procedure which took into account the stationary habitat suitability, critical dewatering rates and flow depths. Although the number of reaches used in the investigation was limited in scope, clear distinctions with respect to the stranding risk were found. The reach with wider,flatter cross sections had a larger amount of stranding risk areas as compared to the reach with a steeply incised channel form. Stranding risk was found to be related to a specific set of changes in the discharge than to a particular rate of change or magnitude of the flow fluctuations. The temporal distribution of stranding risk was found to be almost identical for both reaches.