http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Nishiyama, Nobuhiro,Jang, Woo-Dong,Kataoka, Kazunori Royal Society of Chemistry 2007 NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY Vol.31 No.7
<P>Recently, biomedical applications of dendrimers, three-dimensional tree-like macromolecules, have received much attention. In this paper, we introduce new biomedical applications of functional dendrimers: dendrimers encapsulating photosensitizers composed of a center dye molecule surrounded by poly(benzyl ether) dendrons with ionic peripheral groups as a new type of photosensitizer (PS) for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Dendrimers encapsulating porphyrin and with ionic peripheral groups (DPs) spontaneously formed polyion complex (PIC) micelles through electrostatic interactions with oppositely-charged block copolymers, and showed no self-quenching of the center dye molecule inside the micellar core due to a unique DP structure, leading to remarkable <I>in vitro</I> photocytotoxicity. The DP-incorporated micelles showed successful treatment of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in rats without any sign of side effects. Thus, the DP-incorporated micelles are expected to be an innovative PS formulation for successful PDT against ophthalmic diseases. In this paper, we also review polymeric micelles incorporating phthalocyanine core dendrimers (DPc) for cancer PDT and novel light-responsive supramolecular gene carriers integrated with DPc for site-directed transfection <I>in vivo</I>.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Dendrimer having photosensitizer core was incorporated into polymeric micelles, and showed no self-quenching of the center dye inside the micellar core due to its unique structure, leading to a remarkable photodynamic effect. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=b616050f'> </P>
From Exoscope into the Next Generation
Nishiyama, Kenichi The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2017 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.60 No.3
An exoscope, high-definition video telescope operating monitor system to perform microsurgery has recently been proposed an alternative to the operating microscope. It enables surgeons to complete the operation assistance by visualizing magnified images on a display. The strong points of exoscope are the wide field of view and deep focus. It minimized the need for repositioning and refocusing during the procedure. On the other hand, limitation of magnifying object was an emphasizing weak point. The procedures are performed under 2D motion images with a visual perception through dynamic cue and stereoscopically viewing corresponding to the motion parallax. Nevertheless, stereopsis is required to improve hand and eye coordination for high precision works. Consequently novel 3D high-definition operating scopes with various mechanical designs have been developed according to recent high-tech innovations in a digital surgical technology. It will set the stage for the next generation in digital image based neurosurgery.
Nishiyama, Hiraki,Taleb, Tarik,Nemoto, Yoshiaki,Jamalipour, Abbas,Kato, Nei The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2006 Journal of communications and networks Vol.8 No.4
With the on-going wireless access technologies, the Internet has become accessible anytime anywhere. In wireless networks, link errors significantly degrade the performance of the transmission control protocol (TCP). To cope with this issue, this paper improves the recently-proposed terrestrial REFWA (T-REFWA) scheme by adding a new error recovery mechanism to its original design. In the T-REFWA scheme, senders are acknowledged with appropriate sending rates at which an efficient and fair utilization of network resources can be achieved. As the feedback values are computed independently of link errors, senders can keep transmitting data at high rates even in case of link error occurrences. Using this feature, the proposed error recovery mechanism can achieve high throughput in environments with high bit error rates. The throughput is further improved by disabling the exponential back-off algorithm of TCP so that long idle times are avoided in case of link errors. We show through simulations that the proposed method improves TCP performance in high bit error rates. Compared with several TCP variants, the proposed error recovery scheme exhibits higher link utilization and guarantees system fairness for different bit error rates.
Nishiyama, N.,Nakagishi, Y.,Morimoto, Y.,Lai, P.S.,Miyazaki, K.,Urano, K.,Horie, S.,Kumagai, M.,Fukushima, S.,Cheng, Y.,Jang, W.D.,Kikuchi, M.,Kataoka, K. Elsevier Science Publishers 2009 Journal of controlled release Vol.133 No.3
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising method for the localized treatment of solid tumors. In order to enhance the efficacy of PDT, we have recently developed a novel class of photosensitizer formulation, i.e., the dendrimer phthalocyanine (DPc)-encapsulated polymeric micelle (DPc/m). The DPc/m induced efficient and unprecedentedly rapid cell death accompanied by characteristic morphological changes such as blebbing of cell membranes, when the cells were photoirradiated using a low power halogen lamp or a high power diode laser. The fluorescent microscopic observation using organelle-specific dyes demonstrated that DPc/m might accumulate in the endo-/lysosomes; however, upon photoirradiation, DPc/m might be promptly released into the cytoplasm and photodamage the mitochondria, which may account for the enhanced photocytotoxicity of DPc/m. This study also demonstrated that DPc/m showed significantly higher in vivo PDT efficacy than clinically used Photofrin<SUP>(</SUP>R) (polyhematoporphyrin esters, PHE) in mice bearing human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. Furthermore, the DPc/m-treated mice did not show skin phototoxiciy, which was apparently observed for the PHE-treated mice, under the tested conditions. These results strongly suggest the usefulness of DPc/m in clinical PDT.
Nishiyama, Yoshitaka,Kovacs, Eszter,Lee, Chin Bum,Hayashi, Hidenori,Watanabe, Tadashi,Murata, Norio 동의대학교 기초과학연구소 1994 基礎科學硏究論文集 Vol.4 No.1
Photosynthetic adaptation to high temperature was investigated in intact cells and isolated thylakoid membranes of the cyanobacterium, Synechococcus PCC7002. In intact cells, the thermal stability of photosynthesis and photosystem 2-mediated electron transport from H₂O to 1,4-benzoquinone changed in concert with growth temperature. The photosystem 2-mediated electron transport from H₂O to phenyl-1,4-benzoquinone showed greater thermal stability in thylakoid membranes isolated from cells with had adapted to high temperature than in those from non-adapted cells. Enhanced thermal stability was also observed in the thylakoid membranes in the transport of electrons from H₂O to 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol but not in the transport of electrons from diphenylcarbazide to 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol. These observations suggest that oxygen-evolving sites acquire enhanced thermal stability, and that factors with are responsible for thermal stability remain in isolated thylakoid membranes.