High Pressure Vapor - liquid Equilibria and Critical Loci for the HFC125 - HFC134a System

Nishiumi, Hideo,Ohno, Takahiro 한국화학공학회 2000 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.17 No.6

We measured vapor-liquid equilibria (VLE) ranging from 303.75 to 363.15 K and the critical locus for the system of pentafluoroethane (HFC125)-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC134a). The critical locus exhibited type I behavior by van Konynenberg and Sccot. Correlating the VLE data with an extended BWR equation of state, we found the optimum binary interaction parameter for this system 1.0081 and estimated coefficients of performance (C.O.P.) as a mixture refrigerant. As a result of the correlation, we found that the HFC125-HFC134a system is a potential alternative refrigerant when mole fraction of HFC125 is lower than 0.6. Calculations showed a 4.9% saving energy in the cycle compared with chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC22), for a com-position of 30 mole percent HFC 125.

HIGH PRESSURE VAPOR - LIQUID EQUILIBRIA FOR THE HFC125 - HFC152a SYSTEM

Nishiumi, Hideo,Akita, Hidetaka,Akiyama, Sadanobu 한국화학공학회 1997 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.14 No.5

We measured vapor-liquid equilibria (VLE) for the system of pentafluoroethane (HFC125)-difluoroethane (HFC152a) over the temperature range from 268.15 K to 373.15 K. Fitting VLE data obtained to an extended BWR equation of state, binary interaction parameters were correlated as a linear function of temperature. Applying the equation of state including the binary interaction parameters to refrigeration cycle, estimation of coefficient of performance (COP) revealed about 13.3% energy-saving against chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC22), when the mole fraction of HFC125 is 0.44. As the condition of COP estimation, we assumed that temperature changes of out-side fluids were from 285.15 down to 280.15 K and 305.15 up to 310.15 K with 3 K in minimum temperature difference, respectively.

Articles : High Pressure Vapor-Liquid Equilibria for the HFC125-HFC152a System

( Hideo Nishiumi ),( Hidetaka Akita ),( Sadanobu Akiyama ) 한국화학공학회 1997 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.14 No.5

We measured vapor-liquid equilibria (VLE) for the system of pentafluoroethane (HFC125)-difluoroethane (HFC152a) over the temperature range from 268.15 K to 373.15 K. Fitting VLE data obtained to an extended BWR equation of state, binary interaction parameters were correlated as a linear function of temperature. Applying the equation of state including the binary interaction parameters to refrigeration cycle, estimation of coefficient of performance (COP) revealed about 13.3% energy-saving against chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC22), when the mole fraction of HFC125 is 0.44. As the condition of COP estimation, we assumed that temperature changes of out-side fluids were from 285.15 down to 280.15 K and 305.15 up to 310.15 K with 3 K in minimum temperature difference, respectively.

Purification and Properties of Bovine Skeletal Muscle Proteasome

Yamamoto, S.,Gerelt, B.,Nishiumi, T.,Suzuki, A. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2005 Animal Bioscience Vol.18 No.6

This paper describes the purification and properties of a multicatalytic proteinase complex, proteasome, from bovine skeletal muscle, in comparision with proteasome prepared from other species or organs. The purified bovine skeletal muscle proteasome exhibited a single band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under nondenaturing conditions. Bovine skeletal muscle proteasome degraded synthetic peptides maximally at pH 8.0. Relative to pH 8.0, activities were gradually decreased with the lowering pH, but the extent of decrease was substrate-dependent, and the activity at pH 5.5 still retained 78-10% of the activity at pH 8.0, indicating the possibility that the proteasome is active in muscle during aging. When the proteasome was heated at 60$^{\circ}C$ for 15 or 30 min and treated in the presence of 0.0125% SDS, the activity increased over 1.8 and 3.1 times (LLVY (Suc-Leu-Leu-Val-Tyr-NH-Mec) as a substrate), respectively. These results (activation with heat or SDS) indicate that the hydrolytic activity of proteasome was stimulated under mild denaturing conditions. The characteristics of the bovine skeletal muscle proteasome obtained in our experiment were almost the same as those of the proteasome prepared from other species or organs.

Stability of Proteasomes Extracted from Pressurized, Aged Skeletal Muscles

Yamamoto, Shuhei,Suzuki, Atsushi,Nishiumi, Tadayuki Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2009 Animal Bioscience Vol.22 No.2

The present paper describes the effects of pressure and post-mortem aging treatments on in situ proteasome activity in rabbit and bovine skeletal muscles. Synthetic peptide hydrolyzing activity of rabbit proteasomes remained in the muscle after exposure to pressures up to 100 MPa. However, when a pressure of 400 MPa or more was applied, proteasomes were markedly inactivated. The extraction of proteasomes from excessively pressurized muscle appeared to be difficult. Proteasomes in aged muscle remained relatively stable throughout the aging process, with activity after 168 h (7 days) being 35%, 48%, 53% and 31% of the 0 h post-mortem LLVY, LSTR, AAF and LLE total hydrolyzing activities, respectively. The synthetic peptide hydrolyzing activities of bovine muscle proteasomes were similar to those of rabbit skeletal muscle proteasomes. The results suggest that synthetic peptide hydrolyzing activity remains in muscle exposed to relatively low pressures. Furthermore, it is known that high-pressure treatment induces fragmentation of myofibrils, modification of actin-myosin interaction and activation of intramuscular proteinases, cathepsins and calpains. Thus, proteasomes are probably involved in the tenderization process in combination with other intramuscular proteinases under high-pressure conditions. Our findings confirmed that proteasomes play a role in meat tenderization induced by high-pressure treatment or aging.

Combined Effects of High Pressure and Heat on Shear Value and Histological Characteristics of Bovine Skeletal Muscle

Rusman, H.,Gerelt, B.,Yamamoto, S.,Nishiumi, T.,Suzuki, A. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2007 Animal Bioscience Vol.20 No.6

Changes in shear force value, transverse sections, myofibrils and intramuscular connective tissue of bovine skeletal muscle exposed to the combination of high-pressure up to 400 MPa and heat (30 and $60^{\circ}C$) were studied. The shear force value decreased by pressure-heat treatment up to 200 MPa at 30 and $60^{\circ}C$, and then slightly increased over 200 MPa at $30^{\circ}C$. Shear force values of treated muscles were lower than those of untreated ones. Gaps between muscle fibers in the untreated muscle were a little clear, and then they became very clear in the treated muscles up to 200 MPa at 30 and $60^{\circ}C$. However, the gaps reduced significantly over 200 MPa at $30^{\circ}C$. The remarkable rupture of I-band and loss of M-line materials progressed in the myofibrils with increasing pressure applied. However, degradation and loss of the Z-line in myofibrils observed in the muscle treated at $60^{\circ}C$ was not apparent in the muscle treated at $30^{\circ}C$. The length of the sarcomere initially contracted by pressure-heat treatment of 100 MPa at $30^{\circ}C$ seemed to have recovered with increase of the pressure up to 400 MPa. In the muscle treated at $60^{\circ}C$, the length of sarcomere gradually decreased with increase of the pressure up to 400 MPa. In the treated muscles, changes in the honeycomb-like structure of endomysium were observed and accelerated with increase of the pressure. A wavy appearance clearly observed at the inside surface of endomysium in the untreated muscles gradually decreased in the treated muscles with increase of the pressure. Tearing of the membrane was observed in the muscles treated over 150 MPa at $30^{\circ}C$, as observed in the sample pressurized at 100 MPa at $60^{\circ}C$. The roughening, disruption and fraying of the membrane were observed over 200 MPa at $60^{\circ}C$. From the results obtained, the combination of high-pressure and heat treatments seems to be effective to tenderize tough meat. The shear force value may have some relationship with deformation of intramuscular connective tissue and myofibrils.

개개비(Great Reed Warbler, Acrocephalus arundinaceus orientalis)의 계통지리학 및 형태적 차이

김창회(Chang-Hoe Kim),Isae Nishiumi,Vijak Chimchome,Duangrat Pothieng,Bubphar Amget,Darjono 한국조류학회II 2008 한국조류학회지 Vol.15 No.2

이 조사는 1983년-2003년에 한국, 태국, 베트남, 인도네시아 일본에서 포획된 개개비(Acrocephalus arundinaceus orientalis)의 외부형태 및 유전자 분석에 의해 이루어졌다. 한국과 태국의 개체군(133개체)의 날개길이는 일본 개체군(159개체)보다 짧았다. 5개국 65개체(한국 11개체, 태국 20, 베트남 7, 인도네시아 2, 일본 25)의 미토콘드리아 컨트롤 영역(683bp)에서 51개의 염기변이(haprotype)가 확인되었으며, 대륙(한국, 태국, 베트남, 인도네시아)의 염기변이 다양성(0.99-1)은 일본보다 높은 것으로 조사되었다(0.93). 그리고 51개의 염기변이는 크게 2개의 분기군(clade)으로 나뉘었고 분기연대는 약 80,000년 전으로 추정되었다(1.23%). 2개의 분기군 중 하나는 1개체를 제외하고(한국 염기변이) 모두 일본 개체군에서 유래하였고, 다른 하나는 다시 4개의 서브-분기군(sub-clade)으로 나뉘어졌다. 4개의 서브-분기군의 분기연대는 약 50,000년 전으로 추정되었다. 4개의 서브-분기군 중 1개의 서브-분기군은 일본 개체에서 유래하였고, 나머지 3개의 서브-분기군은 1개체를 제외하고(일본 염기변이) 모두 대륙 개체군에서 유래하였다. 일본 개체군는 섬 사이를 이동하는 장거리 이동패턴을 가지고 대륙 개체군 대륙의 대륙을 통한 단거리 이동패턴을 가지고 있기 때문에 일본 개체군의 날개길이가 대륙 개체군보다 길게 진화한 것으로 판단된다. We analyzed geographic variation in morphometries in populations of Great Reed Warbler Acrocephalus arundinaceus orientalis from five countries: South Korea, Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia and Japan. Two geographic races were found. Japanese birds have the longest wings, though there was some overlap with samples from Korea. All birds from the three wintering populations in Vietnam, Thailand and Indonesia had shorter wings. A portion of the mitochondrial control region (683bp) was sequenced in 64 individuals from five countries: 11, 20, 7, 2 and 24 individuals from Korea, Thailand, Vietnam and Indonesia and Japan, respectively. Eleven, 18, 7, 2 and 15 haplotypes were found in the respective samples from these countries; haplotypic diversity (0.93) was proportionally lowest in the sample from Japan. A neighbor-joining analysis of the different haplotypes grouped them in two clades, A and B. There average sequence divergence at 1.23% estimates their separation at about 80,000 years. Clade A, of much lower diversity than clades B, was present only in Japan. Clade B was divisible into 4 sub-clades, the time of divergence for which was estimates at 50,000 years. One of the sub-clades was unique to Japan, except for one individuals from Korea. The other three sub-clades were restricted to the four other countries (Korea, Thailand, Vietnam and Indonesia), except in one individual from Japan. These results suggest that Japanese birds evolved longer wings following separation from populations in continental Asia about 50,000 years ago, and that such isolation that might have been disturbed recently by the gene flow between Japan and Korea driven by destruction of habitat.

Effects of High Pressure on pH, Water-binding Capacity and Textural Properties of Pork Muscle Gels Containing Various Levels of Sodium Alginate

Chen, Cong-Gui,Borjigin, Gerelt,Jiang, Shao-Tong,Tadayuki, Nishiumi,Atsushi, Suzuki Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2006 Animal Bioscience Vol.19 No.11

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of sodium alginate (SA) and pressurization levels on pH, water-binding and textural properties of pork muscle gels (PMG) containing salt. Ground lean pork with 1.0% NaCl and a given amount of SA (0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0%, respectively), was pressurized to 100, 200 or 300 MPa and subsequently gelled by heating. Results showed that addition of SA into pork muscle enhanced water-holding capacity (WHC) of PMG (p<0.05) as SA increased from 0.25% to 1.0%, with pH slightly increased (p>0.05). A decrease (p<0.05) was observed in all textural parameters (hardness, cohesiveness, springiness and chewiness). Pressurization had no effect on the tendency of WHC to increase or the decrease of the textural parameters. However, the effectiveness of pressurization to enhance textural properties of PMG was significant at some SA levels, especially ${\geq}200MPa$ and at ${\leq}0.75%$ SA levels. Different combinations of pressure and SA levels could bring about variation in textural properties of PMG while SA enhanced WHC of pork muscle. The multiformity of the texture will open up a wide range of technological possibilities for the manufacture of pork-based restructured low-fat products.

Technological demands of meat processing-An Asian perspective

Zhang, W.,Naveena, B.M.,Jo, C.,Sakata, R.,Zhou, G.,Banerjee, R.,Nishiumi, T. Applied Science Publishers 2017 Meat science Vol.132 No.-

<P>A rapid increase in the economy, population, industrialization, and urbanization of Asian countries has driven the fast development of their meat industries over recent decades. This consistent increase in meat production and consumption in Asia has been the major cause for the development of the global meat industry. Meat production methods and consumption are very diverse across different regions and countries in Asia, and thus, it is impossible to cover the technological demands of all Asian countries in this review. Here, we have mainly highlighted the differences in meat production methods and consumption in Asia during recent decades and the meat technology demands of three east Asian countries, namely China, Korea, and Japan, and one south Asian country, India. A brief introduction of the meat industry, in particular the production and consumption trend in these countries, is provided in this article. The technology demands for fresh and processed meat products are then reviewed.</P>