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( Niranjan Kumar ),( K. P. Singh ) 한국균학회 2011 Mycobiology Vol.39 No.2
A laboratory experiment was conducted to study the induction of constricting rings and test predation of Dactylaria brochopaga isolates against second stage juveniles (J2s) of Meloidogyne graminicola, Among the five fungal isolates, isolate D showed the greatest number of predatory rings and, consequently, trapped the maximum number of M. graminicola J2s in dual cultures. Another pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of D. brochopaga (isolate D) on the management of wheat root-knot disease. Applying a mass culture (10 g/pot) and a spore suspension of the fungus with and without cow dung manure to soil infested with 2,000 M. graminicola juveniles significantly improved plant height, root length, weights of shoots, roots, panicles and grains per hill compared to those in the control. Moreover, the fungus significantly reduced the number of root-knots, the number of egg masses, juveniles, and females per hill compared to those in the control. Bio-efficacy of the fungus was heightened when the mass culture and a spore suspensions were used in combination with cow dung manure to improve the plant growth parameters and reduce the number of root-knot and reproductive factors. Further investigations should be conducted to identify the impact of this fungus in the field.
Serum Liver Enzyme Pattern in Birth Asphyxia Associated Liver Injury
Nanda Chhavi,Kiran Zutshi,Niranjan Kumar Singh,Ashish Awasthi,Amit Goel 대한소아소화기영양학회 2014 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.17 No.3
Purpose: To study temporal pattern of serum liver enzymes levels in newborns with hepatic injury associated with birth asphyxia (BA). Methods: Singleton term newborns with BA and ≤72 hours of age admitted to neonatal intensive care unit were prospectively enrolled. Term newborns with physiological jaundice and without BA were studied as controls. Serum liver enzymes were measured at <24 hours, 24-72 hours, and at 6-12 days of age for cases and at 1-6 days of age for controls. BA was defined by 1 minute Apgar score <7 or delayed or absent cry with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. BA-associated liver injury was defined as serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevation beyond +2 standard deviation (ALT > +2 SD) above the mean of control subjects at any of the three time points. Results: Sixty controls and 62 cases were enrolled. Thirty-five cases (56%) developed BA-associated liver injury (ALT>81 IU/L). They had higher serum levels of ALT, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase than the control infants, with peak at 24-72 hours. In controls, serum liver enzyme levels were significantly higher in appropriate- for-date (AFD) babies than small-for-date (SFD) babies. Serum enzyme pattern and extent of elevation were comparable between SFD and AFD babies. Degree of serum liver enzyme elevation had no relationship with severity of hypoxic encephalopathy. Conclusion: Serum liver enzyme elevation is common in BA; it peaks at 24-72 hours followed by a sharp decline by 6-12 days of age. Pattern and extent of enzyme elevation are comparable between SFD and AFD babies.
Serum Liver Enzyme Pattern in Birth Asphyxia Associated Liver Injury
Chhavi, Nanda,Zutshi, Kiran,Singh, Niranjan Kumar,Awasthi, Ashish,Goel, Amit The Korean Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology 2014 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.17 No.3
Purpose: To study temporal pattern of serum liver enzymes levels in newborns with hepatic injury associated with birth asphyxia (BA). Methods: Singleton term newborns with BA and ${\leq}72$ hours of age admitted to neonatal intensive care unit were prospectively enrolled. Term newborns with physiological jaundice and without BA were studied as controls. Serum liver enzymes were measured at <24 hours, 24-72 hours, and at 6-12 days of age for cases and at 1-6 days of age for controls. BA was defined by 1 minute Apgar score <7 or delayed or absent cry with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. BA-associated liver injury was defined as serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevation beyond +2 standard deviation (ALT > +2 SD) above the mean of control subjects at any of the three time points. Results: Sixty controls and 62 cases were enrolled. Thirty-five cases (56%) developed BA-associated liver injury (ALT>81 IU/L). They had higher serum levels of ALT, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase than the control infants, with peak at 24-72 hours. In controls, serum liver enzyme levels were significantly higher in appropriate-for-date (AFD) babies than small-for-date (SFD) babies. Serum enzyme pattern and extent of elevation were comparable between SFD and AFD babies. Degree of serum liver enzyme elevation had no relationship with severity of hypoxic encephalopathy. Conclusion: Serum liver enzyme elevation is common in BA; it peaks at 24-72 hours followed by a sharp decline by 6-12 days of age. Pattern and extent of enzyme elevation are comparable between SFD and AFD babies.
Harshavardhan Mahalingam,Anupam Lal,Arup K Mandal,Shrawan Kumar Singh,Shalmoli Bhattacharyya,Niranjan Khandelwal 대한비뇨의학회 2015 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.56 No.8
Purpose: This study aimed to assess the accuracy of low-dose dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) in predicting the compositionof urinary calculi. Materials and Methods: A total of 52 patients with urinary calculi were scanned with a 128-slice dual-source DECT scanner byuse of a low-dose protocol. Dual-energy (DE) ratio, weighted average Hounsfield unit (HU) of calculi, radiation dose, and imagenoise levels were recorded. Two radiologists independently rated study quality. Stone composition was assessed after extractionby Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIRS). Analysis of variance was used to determine if the differences in HU values andDE ratios between the various calculus groups were significant. Threshold cutoff values to classify the calculi into separate groupswere identified by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Results: A total of 137 calculi were detected. FTIRS analysis differentiated the calculi into five groups: uric acid (n=17), struvite(n=3), calcium oxalate monohydrate and dihydrate (COM-COD, n=84), calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM, n=28), and carbonateapatite (n=5). The HU value could differentiate only uric acid calculi from calcified calculi (p<0.001). The DE ratio could confidentlydifferentiate uric acid, struvite, calcium oxalate, and carbonate apatite calculi (p<0.001) with cutoff values of 1.12, 1.34, and 1.66,respectively, giving >80% sensitivity and specificity to differentiate them. The DE ratio could not differentiate COM from COM-CODcalculi. No study was rated poor in quality by either of the observers. The mean radiation dose was 1.8 mSv. Conclusions: Low-dose DECT accurately predicts urinary calculus composition in vivo while simultaneously reducing radiation exposurewithout compromising study quality.