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Nilles, Katja,Theato, Patrick Royal Society of Chemistry 2011 Polymer chemistry Vol.2 No.2
<P>Homopolymers containing sulfonic ester side groups were synthesized by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization utilizing benzyl dithiobenzoate, cumyl dithiobenzoate, and 4-cyano-4-((thiobenzoyl)sulfanyl)pentanoic acid as chain transfer agents. Likewise diblock copolymers containing poly(styrene), poly(octylstyrene) and poly(pentafluorostyrene) as the second block were synthesized. Additionally, nitroxide mediated polymerization (NMP) was investigated for the synthesis of a homopolymer as well as for a diblock copolymer. Furthermore, the post-polymerization functionalization with various amines to yield the respective sulfonamides was conducted. The conversion was analyzed by <SUP>1</SUP>H NMR spectroscopy, <SUP>19</SUP>F NMR spectroscopy and FT-IR spectroscopy and in many cases a very high conversion (>96%) was observed. In addition the reaction kinetics of the post-polymerization functionalization of poly(pentafluorophenyl 4-vinylbenzene sulfonate) and the corresponding carboxyl ester poly(pentafluorophenyl 4-vinylbenzoate) were compared by analysis of the reactions by time-resolved <SUP>19</SUP>F NMR spectroscopy. It was found that poly(pentafluorophenyl 4-vinylbenzoate) showed a higher stability towards hydrolysis and a significantly higher reactivity, resulting in complete conversions with different amines.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Homopolymers and block copolymers containing sulfonic activated ester side groups were synthesized by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and the obtained poly(pentafluorophenyl 4-vinylbenzene sulfonate) was investigated in a post-polymerization functionalization with various amines to yield the respective sulfonamides. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c0py00261e'> </P>
Synthesis of polymeric 1-iminopyridinium ylides as photoreactive polymers
Klinger, Daniel,Nilles, Katja,Theato, Patrick Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2010 Journal of polymer science Part A, Polymer chemist Vol.48 No.4
<P>Two synthetic routes to polymeric 1-imino pyridinium ylides as new photoreactive polymeric architectures were investigated. In the first approach, polymerization of newly synthesized 1-imino pyridinium ylide containing monomers yielding their polymeric analogues was achieved by free radical polymerization. Alternatively, reactive precursor polymers were synthesized and converted into the respective 1-imino pyridinium ylide polymers by polymer analogous reactions on reactive precursor polymers. Quantitative conversion of the reactive groups was achieved with pentafluorophenyl ester containing polymers and newly synthesized photoreactive amines as well as by the reaction of poly(4-vinylbenzoyl azide) with a photoreactive alcohol. The polymers obtained by both routes were examined regarding their photoreaction products and kinetics in solution as well as in thin polymer films. Contact angle measurements of water on the polymer films before and after irradiation showed dramatic changes in the hydrophilicity of the polymers. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 832–844, 2010</P> <B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>Polymeric 1-imino pyridinium ylides as new photoreactive polymeric architectures were synthesized and their photoreaction products were investigated in solution as well as in thin polymer films, demonstrating dramatic changes in the hydrophilicity of the polymers after irradiation. <img src='wiley_img/0887624X-2010-48-4-POLA23832-gra001.gif' alt='wiley_img/0887624X-2010-48-4-POLA23832-gra001'> </P>
Haberkorn, Niko,Nilles, Katja,Schattling, Philipp,Theato, Patrick Royal Society of Chemistry 2011 Polymer chemistry Vol.2 No.3
<P>A new route for the fabrication of polymeric nanorods with functional moieties <I>via</I> post-modification of reactive nanorods is described. To this end reactive nanorods with a homogenous and narrow size distribution were fabricated by utilizing an anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) template-assisted approach. The nanorods are based on activated pentafluorophenyl esters, to enable quantitative post-modification with amines under very mild reaction conditions yielding the corresponding functionalized amide. Post-modification with fluorescent dyes as well as the conversion into well-dispersed rod-shaped poly(<I>N</I>-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) hydrogels that exhibit a thermal-responsive phase transition was demonstrated. The platform of reactive nanorods provides the fabrication of various functional nanoobjects and may find application in research fields like drug delivery.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>A new route for the fabrication of polymeric nanorods with functional moieties <I>via</I> post-modification of reactive nanorods based on activated pentafluorophenyl esters is described. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c0py00314j'> </P>
Choi, Kiwoon,Nilles, Hans Peter Institute of Physics Pub 2007 The journal of high energy physics Vol.2007 No.4
Gauginos might play a crucial role in the search for supersymmetry at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Mass predictions for gauginos are rather robust and often related to the values of the gauge couplings. We analyse the ratios of gaugino masses in the LHC energy range for various schemes of supersymmetry breakdown and mediation. Three distinct mass patterns emerge.
Soft supersymmetry breaking in KKLT flux compactification
Choi, K.,Falkowski, A.,Nilles, H.P.,Olechowski, M. Elsevier 2005 Nuclear physics, B Vol.718 No.1
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>We examine the structure of soft supersymmetry breaking terms in KKLT models of flux compactification with low energy supersymmetry. Moduli are stabilized by fluxes and nonperturbative dynamics while a de Sitter vacuum is obtained by adding supersymmetry breaking anti-branes. We discuss the characteristic pattern of mass scales in such a set-up as well as some features of 4D N=1 supergravity breakdown by anti-branes. Anomaly mediation is found to always give an important contribution and one can easily arrange for flavor-independent soft terms. In its most attractive realization, the modulus mediation is comparable to the anomaly mediation, yielding a quite distinctive sparticle spectrum. In addition, the axion component of the modulus/dilaton superfield dynamically cancels the relative CP phase between the contributions of anomaly and modulus mediation, thereby avoiding dangerous SUSY CP violation.</P>
Dark energy from approximate U(1)<sub>de</sub> symmetry
Kim, J.E.,Nilles, H.P. North-Holland Pub. Co 2014 Physics letters. Section B Vol.730 No.-
The PLANCK observation strengthens the argument that the observed acceleration of the Universe is dominated by the invisible component of dark energy. We address how this extremely small DE density can be obtained in an ultraviolet complete theory. From two mass scales, the grand unification scale M<SUB>G</SUB> and the Higgs boson mass, we parametrize the scale of dark energy (DE). To naturally generate an extremely small DE term, we introduce an almost flat DE potential of a pseudo-Goldstone boson of an approximate global symmetry U(1)<SUB>de</SUB> originating from some discrete symmetries allowed in an ultraviolet complete theory, as e.g. obtained in string theory constructions. For the DE potential to be extremely shallow, the pseudo-Goldstone boson is required not to couple to the QCD anomaly. This fixes uniquely the nonrenormalizable term generating the potential suppressed by M<SUB>G</SUB><SUP>7</SUP> in supergravity models.
KIM, JIHN E.,NILLES, HANS PETER,SEO, MIN-SEOK World Scientific 2012 Modern Physics Letters A Vol.27 No.29
<P> Motivated by the μ-problem and the axion solution to the strong CP-problem, we extend the MSSM with one more chiral singlet field X ew . The underlying PQ-symmetry allows only one more renormalizable term X ew Hu Hd in the superpotential. The spectrum of the Higgs system includes a light pseudoscalar aX (in addition to the standard CP-even Higgs boson), predominantly decaying to two photons: aX →γγ. Both Higgs bosons might be in the range accessible to current LHC experiments. </P>