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Tan, Andy S.L.,Lee, Chul-joo,Nagler, Rebekah H.,Bigman, Cabral A. Elsevier 2017 Preventive medicine Vol.105 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>News coverage of novel tobacco products including e-cigarettes has framed the use of these products with both positive and negative slants. Conflicting information may shape public knowledge, perceptions of e-cigarettes, and their harms. The objective of this study is to assess effects of exposure to conflicting news coverage on US adults' beliefs about harms and benefits of e-cigarette use. We conducted a one-way between-subjects randomized controlled experiment in 2016 to compare the effects of viewing either 1) positive, 2) negative, 3) both positive and negative (conflicting) news headlines about the safety of using e-cigarettes, or 4) no-message. Participants were 2056 adults aged 18 and older from an online survey panel. Outcomes were beliefs about harms (3-item scale, α=0.76) and benefits (3-item scale, α=0.82) of using e-cigarettes. Participants who viewed negative headlines reported increased beliefs about harms (B=0.164, p=0.039) and lower beliefs about benefits of e-cigarette use (B=−0.216, p=0.009), compared with those in the positive headlines condition. These differences were replicated in subgroup analyses among never e-cigarette users. In addition, never e-cigarette users who viewed conflicting headlines reported lower beliefs about benefits of e-cigarette use (B=−0.221, p=0.030) than the positive headlines condition. Valence of news coverage about e-cigarettes (positive, negative, or conflicting) could influence people's beliefs about harms and benefits of e-cigarette use.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> In an experiment, participants viewed news headlines about e-cigarettes. </LI> <LI> Outcomes were beliefs about harms and benefits of using e-cigarettes. </LI> <LI> Negative headlines increased beliefs about harms and reduced beliefs about benefits. </LI> <LI> Conflicting headlines reduced beliefs about benefits of e-cigarette use among never users. </LI> <LI> Valence of news coverage about e-cigarettes could influence people's beliefs about e-cigarette use. </LI> </UL> </P>
Mathur, N,Pednekar, MS,Sorensen, GS,Nagler, EM,Stoddard, AM,Lando, HA,Aghi, MB,Sinha, DN,Gupta, PC Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.6
Implementation of no tobacco policies in schools is associated with lower tobacco use among teachers and students. In this study we assessed the extent that a school-based intervention for teachers resulted in adoption and implementation of tobacco control policies. From a random sample of government schools ($8^{th}-10^{th}$), 72 were randomized into intervention and control conditions. Intervention included health education programs for teachers and support for tobacco control policy implementation. Adoption and implementation of policies were assessed at baseline and immediately after intervention. All 36 intervention and one control school adopted a tobacco-control policy. Higher enforcement of tobacco-control policy was at post intervention (OR=3.26; CI: 2.35, 4.54) compared to baseline in intervention schools. Some 64% of intervention and 28% control schools showed "improvement" in policy implementation. Adoption and implementation of no tobacco policies was positively impacted by intervention. This study provides support for scaling up of school-based tobacco control interventions to promote school tobacco control policies.
Seo, Goo-Young,Lee, Jeong-Min,Jang, Young-Saeng,Kang, Seung Goo,Yoon, Sung-il,Ko, Hyun-Jeong,Lee, Geun-Shik,Park, Seok-Rae,Nagler, Cathryn R.,Kim, Pyeung-Hyeun Elsevier 2017 Cellular immunology Vol.322 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The present study extends an earlier report that retinoic acid (RA) down-regulates IgE Ab synthesis in vitro. Here, we show the suppressive activity of RA on IgE production in vivo and its underlying mechanisms. We found that RA down-regulated IgE class switching recombination (CSR) mainly through RA receptor α (RARα). Additionally, RA inhibited histone acetylation of germ-line ε (GL ε) promoter, leading to suppression of IgE CSR. Consistently, serum IgE levels were substantially elevated in vitamin A-deficient (VAD) mice and this was more dramatic in VAD-lecithin:retinol acyltransferase deficient (LRAT<SUP>−/−</SUP>) mice. Further, serum mouse mast cell protease-1 (mMCP-1) level was elevated while frequency of intestinal regulatory T cells (Tregs) were diminished in VAD LRAT<SUP>−/−</SUP> mice, reflecting that deprivation of RA leads to allergic immune response. Taken together, our results reveal that RA has an IgE-repressive activity in vivo, which may ameliorate IgE-mediated allergic disease.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> RA represses IgE CSR through RA receptor alpha (RARα). </LI> <LI> RA inhibits histone acetylation of Ig germ-line ε (GL ε) promoter. </LI> <LI> RA has an IgE-repressive activity in vivo, which may ameliorate IgE-mediated allergic disease. </LI> </UL> </P>